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Malaysian undergraduates' knowledge and opinions on Early Childhood oral health

Mani SA, Burhanudin NA, John J

Eur J Paediatr Dent, 2012 Mar;13(1):64-8.
PMID: 22455531

AIM: In Malaysia, Early Childhood Caries (ECC) was found to affect 76.2% of 5-year-olds (2005). General practitioners are more likely to encounter preschool children and are in a better position to educate parents and caretakers about ECC and make appropriate referrals. This study assessed the knowledge and opinions on early childhood oral health among medical and dental undergraduates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study involved 245 students enrolled in the first year medical (M1) and dental (D1) course and fourth year medical (M4) and dental (D4) course. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire which included knowledge and opinions on early childhood oral health. Comparisons between the groups were done using chi-square test.
RESULTS: Dental students showed significantly better knowledge than medical students. D1 students showed significantly better knowledge of age of first tooth eruption over M1. Knowledge of recommended age for bottle weaning was higher among D4 students but not significantly more than M4 students.
CONCLUSION: The majority of medical students showed inadequate knowledge indicating that medical curriculum should emphasise on oral health topics of public health relevance like ECC and its prevention. Dental students had better knowledge regarding early childhood oral health, but lacked knowledge on its preventive aspects.
Overexpression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase predicts extranodal extension in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Burhanudin NA, Zaini ZM, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Gopinath D, Abraham MT, et al.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2022 Dec;134(6):725-732.
PMID: 36229363 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.014

OBJECTIVE: Extranodal extension (ENE) is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, ENE is only confirmed postoperatively by histologic assessment of the lymph nodes after neck dissection. Accurate identification of ENE preoperatively would help in management of OSCC.
STUDY DESIGN: We determined the expression of molecular markers gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-3 (CDKN3), and chromobox homolog-7 (CBX7) using immunohistochemistry in OSCC clinical samples (n = 35). The intensity of staining was scored using a semiquantitative index (HSCORE). The association between clinicopathologic parameters and expression of molecular markers with ENE status was analyzed using chi-square test.
RESULTS: The number of positive nodes and the highest anatomic level of nodal involvement significantly correlated with ENE (P < .05). High GGH expression was significantly associated with ENE (P < .05), with an increased risk for ENE (odds ratio [OR] 9.9, 95% CI 1.08-91.47, P = .04), whereas no significant association was seen for CDKN3 and CBX7 expression with ENE. However, a trend toward significance was observed with a high level of CDKN3 and a low level of CBX7 expression with ENE.
CONCLUSIONS: Gamma glutamyl hydrolase offers potential as a predictor for ENE in OSCC, whereas the role of CDKN3 and CBX7 need to be validated in a larger sample.
Fulltext The Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics in Oral Cancer Management

Mohd Fuad AS, Amran NA, Nasruddin NS, Burhanudin NA, Dashper S, Arzmi MH

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2023 Oct;15(5):1298-1311.
PMID: 36048406 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09985-7

Oral carcinogenesis is preceded by oral diseases associated with inflammation such as periodontitis and oral candidiasis, which are contributed by chronic alcoholism, smoking, poor oral hygiene, and microbial infections. Dysbiosis is an imbalance of microbial composition due to oral infection, which has been reported to contribute to oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this review, we summarised the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in promoting a balanced oral microbiome, which may prevent oral carcinogenesis due to oral infections. Probiotics have been shown to produce biofilm, which possesses antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Meanwhile, prebiotics can support growth and increase the benefit of probiotics. In addition, postbiotics possess antibacterial, anticariogenic, and anticancer properties that potentially aid in oral cancer prevention and treatment. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics for oral cancer management is still limited despite their vast potential, thus, discovering their prospects could herald a novel approach to disease prevention and treatment while participating in combating antimicrobial resistance.
The role of podoplanin inhibitors in controlling oral cancer progression

Sayuddin ENEN, Taher M, Arzmi MH, Burhanudin NA, Rostam MA

Arch Oral Biol, 2024 Jan;157:105841.
PMID: 37952507 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105841

OBJECTIVE: In this article, we review the current studies on the role of podoplanin in oral cancer and the potential application of podoplanin inhibitors as a therapeutic agent for oral cancer.
DESIGN: The narrative review approach was conducted, providing a comprehensive perspective of related literature. Publications addressing podoplanin and its inhibitors in the context of oral cancer were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases.
RESULTS: Podoplanin has emerged as a biomarker and therapeutic agent for oral cancer. Numerous studies have reported high podoplanin expression in oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions compared to normal cells. A specific inhibitor targeting podoplanin may have the potential to prevent oral carcinogenesis via interfering with the pathway of cancerous cells involved in cell proliferation and metastasis. Antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, cancer-specific mAb (CasMab), synthetic molecules, and lectins are among the materials used as anticancer agents targeting podoplanin. Plant-derived lectins appear to demonstrate a unique advantage against alternative candidates.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of podoplanin inhibitors in place of existing therapeutic approaches could be a promising and novel approach to the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. Nevertheless, further research is required to investigate the practical application of such inhibitors.