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Fulltext The association between chronic airflow obstruction and poverty in 12 sites of the multinational BOLD study

Townend J, Minelli C, Mortimer K, Obaseki DO, Al Ghobain M, Cherkaski H, et al.

Eur Respir J, 2017 06;49(6).

PMID: 28572124 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01880-2016

Poverty is strongly associated with mortality from COPD, but little is known of its relation to airflow obstruction.In a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥40 years from 12 sites (N=9255), participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, poverty was evaluated using a wealth score (0-10) based on household assets. Obstruction, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) after administration of 200 μg salbutamol, and prevalence of FEV1/FVC

Fulltext Airflow Obstruction and Use of Solid Fuels for Cooking or Heating: BOLD Results

Amaral AFS, Patel J, Kato BS, Obaseki DO, Lawin H, Tan WC, et al.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018 Mar 01;197(5):595-610.

PMID: 28895752 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0205OC

RATIONALE: Evidence supporting the association of COPD or airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels is conflicting and inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of airflow obstruction with self-reported use of solid fuels for cooking or heating.

METHODS: We analysed 18,554 adults from the BOLD study, who had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements and information on use of solid fuels. The association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating was assessed by sex, within each site, using regression analysis. Estimates were stratified by national income and meta-analysed. We carried out similar analyses for spirometric restriction, chronic cough and chronic phlegm.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We found no association between airflow obstruction and use of solid fuels for cooking or heating (ORmen=1.20, 95%CI 0.94-1.53; ORwomen=0.88, 95%CI 0.67-1.15). This was true for low/middle and high income sites. Among never smokers there was also no evidence of an association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels (ORmen=1.00, 95%CI 0.57-1.76; ORwomen=1.00, 95%CI 0.76-1.32). Overall, we found no association of spirometric restriction, chronic cough or chronic phlegm with the use of solid fuels. However, we found that chronic phlegm was more likely to be reported among female never smokers and those who had been exposed for ≥20 years.

CONCLUSION: Airflow obstruction assessed from post-bronchodilator spirometry was not associated with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating.

Fulltext Chronic airflow obstruction attributable to poverty in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Patel JH, Amaral AFS, Minelli C, Elfadaly FG, Mortimer K, El Sony A, et al.

Thorax, 2023 Sep;78(9):942-945.

PMID: 37423762 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218668

Poverty is strongly associated with all-cause and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality. Less is known about the contribution of poverty to spirometrically defined chronic airflow obstruction (CAO)-a key characteristic of COPD. Using cross-sectional data from an asset-based questionnaire to define poverty in 21 sites of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, we estimated the risk of CAO attributable to poverty. Up to 6% of the population over 40 years had CAO attributable to poverty. Understanding the relationship between poverty and CAO might suggest ways to improve lung health, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.

Fulltext Chronic airflow obstruction and ambient particulate air pollution

Amaral AFS, Burney PGJ, Patel J, Minelli C, Mejza F, Mannino DM, et al.

Thorax, 2021 12;76(12):1236-1241.

PMID: 33975927 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216223

Smoking is the most well-established cause of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) but particulate air pollution and poverty have also been implicated. We regressed sex-specific prevalence of CAO from 41 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study sites against smoking prevalence from the same study, the gross national income per capita and the local annual mean level of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) using negative binomial regression. The prevalence of CAO was not independently associated with PM2.5 but was strongly associated with smoking and was also associated with poverty. Strengthening tobacco control and improved understanding of the link between CAO and poverty should be prioritised.

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