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Fulltext Combination therapy of a novel ruthenium polypyridyl complex and cisplatin for the treatment of cancer

Haslina Ahmad, Yusoh N. A., Harun S. N., Chia, S. L.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):25-25.
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Introduction: Combination therapy to treat cancer have been demanded due to the complexity of the disease and to prevent resistance mechanisms commonly found in classic chemotherapeutic methods. Recently, we have reported that [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ (dppz = dipyridophenazine, PIP = 2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) (RuPIP) immediately stalls replication fork progression in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Co-incubation with a Chk1 inhibitor achieves synergistic apoptosis in cancer cells. These discoveries indicate that this class of compounds merit further investigation as anticancer drugs, especially within combinational therapy roles. However, information pertaining to the effects of combining ruthenium compounds with existing chemotherapeutic drugs remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the possible synergistic cytotoxic effects of using RuPIP in combination with cisplatin on different cancer cell lines. Methods: A549, MCF7, Hela and T24 cells were treated with different concentrations of RuPIP or cisplatin alone, as well as different combinations of these two agents at a fixed ratio 1:1 over the course of 72 hr to assess their individual and combination effects. Cell viability was analysed using MTT assay. The combination index (CI) was calculated based on the Chou Talalay Method. Results: Single-agent treatment at 72 hr with RuPIP or cisplatin led to dose-dependent decreases in the viability of the A549, MCF7, Hela and T24 cells at 72 hr. Furthermore, increasing the concentrations of the combinations up to four folds of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) statistically decrease the cell survival rates of A549 and MCF7 cells thus, displayed synergistic effects. Conclusion: Treatment of MCF7 and A549 cells with a combination of RuPIP and cisplatin showed a synergistic effect and thus are promising as a combination therapy for cancer treatment.
Fulltext Improved in vitro toxicity of ruthenium complex by mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulation

Harun S. N., Haslina Ahmad, Chia, S. L., Leong, S. W.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):27-27.
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Introduction: Ruthenium compounds are widely studied for its biological activity. However, potent ruthenium drugs often have limited bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. In order to assist the preparation of these hydrophobic compounds, a carrier or drug delivery agent is often introduced. Herein, we encapsulated a hydrophobic ruthenium polypyridyl complex [Ru(dppz)PIP]2+, (dppz = dipyrido-[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine, PIP = 2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). Methods: The MSN was synthesized by using ionic liquid 1-hexadecylphenanthrolinium as a novel template and have 833.99 m2/g in surface area. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized ruthenium complex, MSN and MSN-loaded ruthenium was studied on Hela and A549 cancer cell lines. Results: MSN was non-toxic at lower dosage (
Fulltext The effect of storage on the quality attributes of ultraviolet-irradiated and thermally pasteurised pineapple juices

Chia, S. L., Rosnah, S., Noranizan, M. A., Wan Ramli, W. D.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1001-1010.
MyJurnal

The effect of storage time on the quality of ultraviolet-irradiated and thermally pasteurised pineapple juice was evaluated. The juices were irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV-C) at wavelength 254 nm (53.42 mJ/cm2, 4.918 s), thermally pasteurised at 800C for 10 minutes and stored at 40C for 13 weeks. There were significant changes in the total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and turbidity of UV-irradiated juice during storage, whereas for the same quality attributes of thermally pasteurised juice remained stable throughout the storage time. There were no significant changes in total phenolics for both treatments throughout the storage period. Other quality parameters (ascorbic acid, colour L, hue angle and chroma) were significantly affected by the storage time. Regarding the microbiological analysis, the total plate counts and yeast and mould counts of the UV-irradiated juice increased gradually throughout the 13 weeks of storage while these parameters remained unchanged in the thermally pasteurised juice with almost no microorganism growth. UV-irradiated pineapple juice preserved better quality attributes (TSS, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, turbidity, total phenolic, L (lightness), hue angle and chroma) than the thermal pasteurised juice during the storage time. Hence, UV irradiation has great potential as an alternative technology to thermal pasteurisation in producing products of high nutritive values.
Fulltext Patient-reported Outcome Measures of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Prosthetic Joint Infection is not Inferior to Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Lim J, Pang HN, Tay K, Chia SL, Yeo SJ, Lo NN

Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):73-81.
PMID: 33403065 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.012

Introduction: This study aims to investigate whether patients undergoing two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and one-stage revision THA for aseptic reasons have similar clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction during their post-operative follow-up. We hypothesise that the two-stage revision THA for PJI is associated with poorer outcomes as compared to aseptic revision THA.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed prospectively collected data in our tertiary hospital arthroplasty registry and identified patients who underwent revision THA between 2001 and 2014, with a minimum of two years follow-up. The study group (two-stage revision THA for PJI) consists of 23 patients and the control group (one-stage revision THA for aseptic reasons) consists of 231 patients. Patient demographics, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores and patient reported satisfaction were evaluated. Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the two groups. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05.
Results: The pre-operative demographics and clinical scores were relatively similar between the two groups of patients. At two years, patients who underwent revision THA for PJI reported a better WOMAC Pain Score and OHS as compared to aseptic revision THA. A similar proportion of patients were satisfied with their results of surgery in both groups (p=0.093).
Conclusions: Although patients who underwent revision THA for PJI had poorer pre-operative functional scores (WOMAC function and SF-36 PF), at two years follow-up, these two groups of patients have comparable post-operative outcomes. Interestingly, patients who had revision THA for PJI reported a better clinical outcome in terms of OHS and WOMAC Pain score as compared to the aseptic group. We conclude that the revision THA for PJI is not inferior to aseptic revision THA in terms of patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.