Nanowires have been utilized widely in the generation of high-performance nanosensors. Laser ablation, chemical vapor, thermal evaporation and alternating current electrodeposition are in use in developing nanowires. Nanowires are in a great attention because of their submicron feature and their potentials in the front of nanoelectronics, accelerated field effect transistors, chemical- and bio-sensors, and low power consuming light-emitting devices. With the control of nanowire size and concentration of dopant, the electrical sensitivity and other properties of nanowires can be tuned for the reproducibility. Nanowires comprise of arrays of electrodes that form a nanometer electrical circuit. One of advantages of nanowires is that they can be fabricated in nanometer-size for various applications in different approaches. Several studies have been conducted on nanowires and researchers discovered that nanowires have the potential in the applications with material properties at the nanometer scale. The unique electrical properties of nanowires have made them to be promising for numerous applications. Nowadays, for example, MOS field-effect transistors are largely used as fundamental building elements in electronic circuits. Also, the dimension of MOS transistors is gradually decreasing to the nanoscale based on the prediction made by Moor's law. However, their fabrication is challenging. This review summarized different techniques in the fabrication of nanowires, global nanowire prospect, testing of nanowires to understand the real electrical behavior using higher resolution microscopes, and brief applications in the detection of biomolecules, disease such as corona viral pandemic, heavy metal in water, and applications of nanowires in agriculture.
A test for assessing pork adulteration in meatballs, using TaqMan probe real-time polymerase chain reaction, was developed. The assay combined porcine-specific primers and TaqMan probe for the detection of a 109 bp fragment of porcine cytochrome b gene. Specificity test with 10 ng DNA of eleven different species yielded a threshold cycle (Ct) of 15.5 ± 0.20 for the pork and negative results for the others. Analysis of beef meatballs with spiked pork showed the assay can determine 100-0.01% contaminated pork with 102% PCR efficiency, high linear regression (r(2) = 0.994) and ≤ 6% relative errors. Residuals analysis revealed a high precision in all determinations. Random analysis of commercial meatballs from pork, beef, chicken, mutton and goat, yielded a Ct between 15.89 ± 0.16 and 16.37 ± 0.22 from pork meatballs and negative results from the others, showing the suitability of the assay to determine pork in commercial meatballs with a high accuracy and precision.
Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
Nanosensors have gained significant attention in recent years for improving energy conversion and storage performance in solar cells. These nanosensors, typically made from nanoparticles or nanowires, can be embedded within the solar cell to monitor parameters like temperature and light intensity. By monitoring these parameters, nanosensors provide real-time feedback and control to optimize the efficiency and performance of the solar cell. They also play a role in detecting potential issues, such as defects, for proactive maintenance and troubleshooting. The integration of nanosensors in solar cells enables the development of smart energy systems, leading to increased power output, improved stability, and a longer lifespan of solar cells. The deployment of nanosensors in solar cells offer promising trajectory for advancing energy conversion, utilization, and storage capabilities. This review summarizes recent advances in nanosensors in solar cells, with a focus on the role they play in enhancing energy conversion, utilization, and storage performance.