In the crystal structure of the title binuclear complex, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(13)H(14)N(2))(2)], the four acetate groups each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atoms is distorted square-pyramidal, with the bonding O atoms comprising a square basal plane and the coordinating N atom of the N-heterocycle occupying the apical position. In the two N-hetercycle ligands, the benzene rings are twisted with respect to the pyridine rings, making dihedral angles of 53.1 (2) and 54.2 (2)°. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present between the imino and carb-oxy groups. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a minor twin component of 21.4%.
In the title compound, C(13)H(14)N(2), the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 48.1 (1)° and the bridging C-N-C bond angle is 127.24 (12)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding about a center of inversion generates a hydrogen-bonded dimer.
In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(4)(C(12)H(12)N(2))(2)], the binuclear mol-ecule lies about a center of inversion; the four acetate groups each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atom is distorted square-pyramidal, with the bonding O atoms comprising a square basal plane and the coordinating N atom of the N-heterocycle occupying the apical position. The pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the benzene ring at a dihedral angle of 45.68 (16)°. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present between the imino and carb-oxy groups.
In the title compound, C(11)H(9)ClN, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 44.2 (1)° and the bridging C-N-C bond angle is 127.60 (19)°. The amino N-H grouping makes a hydrogen bond to the pyridyl N atom of an adjacent mol-ecule across a center of inversion, generating a hydrogen-bonded dimer.
There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(12)H(12)N(2), with dihedral angles between the aromatic rings of 48.35 (12) and 51.02 (12)°. In the crystal structure, both mol-ecules form inversion dimers, linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
Two independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(12)H(11)N(3)O(2). These differ in terms of the relative orientations of the benzene rings as seen in the respective dihedral angles formed between the pyridine and benzene rings [17.42 (16) and 34.64 (16)°]. Both mol-ecules are twisted about the amine-tolyl N-C bonds [respective torsion angles = 22.3 (5) and 35.9 (5)°] but only about the amine-pyridine N-C bond in the first independent mol-ecule [respective torsion angles = -11.7 (5) and 0.8 (5)°]. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds preclude the amine H atoms from forming significant inter-molecular inter-actions. The crystal packing features inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid distance: pyridine-benzene = 3.6442 (19) Å and pyridine-pyridine = 3.722 (2) Å] contacts.
In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(9)N(3)O(3), the dihedral angle between the quinoxaline and benzene rings is 77.13 (9)°. The mol-ecule is twisted about the ether-benzene O-C bond, with a C-O-C-C torsion angle of -102.8 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers in the ab plane, with one nitro O atom accepting two such inter-actions. The layers stack along the c-axis direction via weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.
In the title mol-ecule, C(12)H(10)N(2)O(4), the pyridine and benzene rings are almost orthogonal [dihedral angle = 86.69 (11)°], with the pyridine N atom directed towards the centre of the benzene ring. The -NO(2) [O-N-C-C = -26.1 (3)°] and -OMe [C-O-C-C = 166.5 (2)°] substituents are not coplanar with their respective aromatic rings. In the crystal, supra-molecular layers in the ab plane are formed via C-H⋯π inter-actions involving methyl H atoms and the pyridine and benzene rings. Short N-O⋯π contacts (where the π-system is derived from the pyridine ring) occur between layers in the c-axis direction.
The quinoxaline system in the title hydrate, C(15)H(13)N(3)·H(2)O, is roughly planar, the r.m.s. deviation for the 18 non-H atoms being 0.188 Å; this conformation features a short intra-molecular C-H⋯N(pyrazine) inter-action. In the crystal, the amine H atom forms an N-H⋯O hydrogen bond to the water mol-ecule, which in turn forms two O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to the pyrazine N atoms of different organic mol-ecules. These inter-actions lead to supra-molecular arrays in the bc plane that are two mol-ecules thick; additional π-π inter-actions stabilize the layers [ring centroid-centroid distance = 3.5923 (7) Å]. The layers stack along the a-axis direction via C-H⋯π contacts.
In the centrosymmetric title mol-ecule, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(6)H(9)N(3))(2)], each of the four acetate groups bridges a pair of Cu(II) atoms [Cu-Cu = 2.6540 (4) Å]. The distorted octa-hedral geometry of the metal atom is completed by an N-donor atom of the N-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-amine ligand: an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen links its N-H group to an acetate carboxyl-ate O atom. In the crystal, C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a supra-molecular chain along the b axis.
In the title compound, C(11)H(10)N(2)O(2), the aromatic rings are almost orthogonal to each other [dihedral angle = 86.97 (8)°], with the benzene ring orientated to face one of the pyrazine N atoms. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related pairs are connected via pairs of C-H⋯π inter-actions and the dimeric units thus formed pack into undulating layers that stack along the a axis.
The pyrimidine and benzene rings in the title compound, C(10)H(8)N(2)O(2), form a dihedral angle of 71.03 (7)°, with the roughly orthogonal benzene ring being folded towards one of the pyrimidine N atoms. In the crystal, pairs of O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect mol-ecules related by twofold symmetry into dimeric aggregates. These associate into a supra-molecular chain propagating along the b axis by way of C-H⋯π contacts. The chains are cross-linked by π-π inter-actions that occur between pyrimidine rings [ring centroid-centroid distances = 3.5393 (9) and 3.5697 (9) Å].
In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(12)H(11)ClN(2))(2)], the complete binuclear mol-ecule is generated by a crystallographic centre of inversion; the four acetate groups each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atom is distorted octa-hedral within a donor set defined by four O atoms, the heterocyclic N atom and the second Cu atom. The pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the benzene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 33.9 (2)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is present between the amino group and a carboxyl O atom. Inter-molecular inter-actions of the C-H⋯π type link mol-ecules in the crystal structure.
The title complex, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(13)H(14)N(2))(2)], features a binuclear mol-ecule, which lies about a crystallographic centre of inversion; the four acetate ions each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atom is distorted octa-hedral within a donor set defined by four O atoms, the heterocyclic N atom and the second Cu atom. The pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the tolyl ring and forms a dihedral angle of 35.34 (9)°. A bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond is present, linking the amine group to two carboxyl-ate O atoms derived from different acetate ions. In the crystal, C-H⋯π inter-actions link mol-ecules into a supra-molecular array in the bc plane.
In the title compound, C(11)H(10)N(2)O(2), the benzene ring faces towards one of the pyrimidine N atoms, and is almost orthogonal to the plane through the pyrimidine ring [dihedral angle = 84.40 (14)°]. In the crystal, the presence of C-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid separation = 3.7658 (18) Å] inter-actions leads to a supra-molecular array in the ac plane. The layers thus formed inter-digitate along the b axis.
In the title compound, C(12)H(11)ClN(2), the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridyl rings is 48.03 (8)°. Twists are also evident in the mol-ecule, in particular about the N(a)-C(b) (a = amine and b = benzene) bond [C-N-C-C = -144.79 (18)°]. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in the formation of eight-membered {⋯NCNH}(2) synthons [or R(2) (2)(8) loops].
The synthesis and characterisation of R3PAu[S2CN((i)Pr)CH2CH2OH], for R = Ph (1), Cy (2) and Et (3)4, is reported. Compounds 1-3 are cytotoxic against the doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line, MCF-7R, with 1 exhibiting greater potency and cytotoxicity than either of doxorubicin and cisplatin. Based on human apoptosis PCR-array analysis, caspase activities, DNA fragmentation, cell apoptotic assays, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements and human topoisomerase I inhibition, induction of apoptosis by 1, and necrosis by 2 and 3, are demonstrated, by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Compound 1 activates the p53 gene, 2 activates only the p73 gene, whereas 3 activates both the p53 and p73 genes. Compounds 1 and 3 activate NF-κB, and each inhibits topoisomerase I.
The Ph3PAu[SC(OR)=NPh], R=Me (1), Et (2) and iPr (3), compounds are significantly cytotoxic to the HT-29 cancer cell line with 1 being the most active. Based on human apoptosis PCR-array analysis, caspase activities, DNA fragmentation, cell apoptotic assays, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements and human topoisomerase I inhibition, induction of apoptosis is demonstrated and both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis have been shown to occur. Compound 1 activates the p73 gene, whereas each of 2 and 3 activates the p53 gene. An additional apoptotic mechanism is exhibited by 2, that is, via the JNK/MAP pathway.