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Fulltext Proportion of women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus who performed an oral glucose test at six weeks postpartum in Johor Bahru with abnormal glucose tolerance

Fatin A, Alina TI

Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(3):2-9.
PMID: 32175035

Introduction: Glucose testing at six weeks postpartum has been recommended by the World Health Organization as the earliest period in which to detect abnormal glucose tolerance among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of six weeks postpartum glucose testing and its associated factors among women with a history GDM who attended government primary health clinics in Johor Bahru.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional study which was conducted among women with a history of GDM who registered from January to June 2016 at primary health clinics in Johor Bahru and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at six weeks postpartum. Secondary data were obtained from Maternal Health Records (clinic copy). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and simple logistic regression analysis were used.
Results: One hundred and twenty-two women with a history of GDM completed the postpartum glucose testing. Approximately 12% of these women were reported to have abnormal glucose tolerance. Insulin usage (OR:5.44; 95% CI:1.53, 19.43; p=0.009), abnormal glycated hemoglobin (OR:8.70; 95% CI:2.68,26.27; p<0.01), hospital follow-up (OR:3.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 10.34; p=0.033) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR:3.96; 95% CI: 1.16, 13.54; p=0.028) were found to have significant associations with abnormal glucose tolerance at six weeks postpartum.
Conclusion: The proportion of women with a history of GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance at six weeks postpartum in Johor Bahru was 12% and was associated with insulin usage, abnormal glycated hemoglobin, hospital follow-up and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Screening during the postpartum period offers a window of opportunity for early identification of diabetes and prediabetes, as women with history of GDM are at increased risk of future glucose intolerance.
Arrhythmia recognition and classification using combined linear and nonlinear features of ECG signals

Elhaj FA, Salim N, Harris AR, Swee TT, Ahmed T

Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2016 Apr;127:52-63.
PMID: 27000289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.12.024

Arrhythmia is a cardiac condition caused by abnormal electrical activity of the heart, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the non-invasive method used to detect arrhythmias or heart abnormalities. Due to the presence of noise, the non-stationary nature of the ECG signal (i.e. the changing morphology of the ECG signal with respect to time) and the irregularity of the heartbeat, physicians face difficulties in the diagnosis of arrhythmias. The computer-aided analysis of ECG results assists physicians to detect cardiovascular diseases. The development of many existing arrhythmia systems has depended on the findings from linear experiments on ECG data which achieve high performance on noise-free data. However, nonlinear experiments characterize the ECG signal more effectively sense, extract hidden information in the ECG signal, and achieve good performance under noisy conditions. This paper investigates the representation ability of linear and nonlinear features and proposes a combination of such features in order to improve the classification of ECG data. In this study, five types of beat classes of arrhythmia as recommended by the Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation are analyzed: non-ectopic beats (N), supra-ventricular ectopic beats (S), ventricular ectopic beats (V), fusion beats (F) and unclassifiable and paced beats (U). The characterization ability of nonlinear features such as high order statistics and cumulants and nonlinear feature reduction methods such as independent component analysis are combined with linear features, namely, the principal component analysis of discrete wavelet transform coefficients. The features are tested for their ability to differentiate different classes of data using different classifiers, namely, the support vector machine and neural network methods with tenfold cross-validation. Our proposed method is able to classify the N, S, V, F and U arrhythmia classes with high accuracy (98.91%) using a combined support vector machine and radial basis function method.
Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid

Al-Amiery AA, Binti Kassim FA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Sci Rep, 2016 Jan 22;6:19890.
PMID: 26795066 DOI: 10.1038/srep19890

The acid corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in 1 M HCl by azelaic acid dihydrazide has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM). Azelaic acid dihydrazide was synthesized, and its chemical structure was elucidated and confirmed using spectroscopic techniques (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy). Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that azelaic acid dihydrazide is a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with increased inhibitor concentration and reaches its maximum of 93% at 5 × 10(-3) M. The adsorption of the inhibitor on a mild steel surface obeys Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of te perature on corrosion behavior in the presence of 5 × 10(-3) M inhibitor was studied in the temperature range of 30-60 °C. The results indicated that inhibition efficiencies were enhanced with an increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreased with a rise in temperature. To inspect the surface morphology of inhibitor film on the mild steel surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used before and after immersion in 1.0 M HCl.
Fulltext Courtship activity, copulation & insemination success in a mosquito vector fed a herbal aphrodisiac: Implications for sterile insect technology

Dieng H, Satho T, Abang F, Miake F, Azman FAB, Latip NA, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2018 Sep;148(3):334-340.
PMID: 30425225 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1604_16

Background & objectives: In sterile insect technology (SIT), mating competitiveness is a pre-condition for the reduction of target pest populations and a crucial parameter for judging efficacy. Still, current SIT trials are being hindered by decreased effectiveness due to reduced sexual performance of released males. Here, we explored the possible role of a herbal aphrodisiac in boosting the mating activity of Aedes aegypti.
Methods: Males were fed one of two diets in this study: experimental extract of Eurycoma longifolia (MSAs) and sugar only (MSOs). Differences in life span, courtship latency, copulation activity and mating success were examined between the two groups.
Results: No deaths occurred among MSA and MSO males. Life span of MSOs was similar to that of MSAs. The courtship latency of MSAs was shorter than that of MSOs (P<0.01). MSAs had greater copulation success than MSOs (P<0.001). In all female treatments, MSAs mated more than MSOs, but the differences in rate were significant only in the highest female density (P<0.05). In MSAs, mating success varied significantly with female density (P<0.01), with the 20-female group (P<0.01) having the lowest rate. Single MSA had better mating success at the two lowest female densities. In MSOs, there were no significant differences in mating success rate between the different female densities.
Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggested that the herbal aphrodisiac, E. longifolia, stimulated the sexual activity of Ae. aegypti and may be useful for improving the mating competitiveness of sterile males, thus improving SIT programmes.