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Analysis of adverse drug reactions reported in a tertiary care children hospital

Balan S, Koo K, Omar AI, Gan RY

Res Social Adm Pharm, 2021 04;17(4):826-827.
PMID: 33160885 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.016
In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Eucheuma cottonii extract and its in vivo evaluation of the wound-healing activity in mice

Teo BSX, Gan RY, Abdul Aziz S, Sirirak T, Mohd Asmani MF, Yusuf E

J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021 Mar;20(3):993-1001.
PMID: 32659861 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13624

BACKGROUND: Eucheuma Cottonii is a type of red algae obtained from Sabah with main active component, sulfated polysaccharide or k-carrageenan.
AIMS: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and potential wound-healing properties in aqueous extraction of E cottonii in order to meet the increasing demand for halal and natural cosmeceutical products.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Aqueous extract of E cottonii was investigated for active compounds by phytochemical screening and IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method, and the IC50 value was 1.99 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus Aureus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and showed 10.03 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition, achieved by 200 mg/mL of extracts. A wound was made by skin excision of area around 100 mm2 on each mouse. Test group was treated with aqueous extract gel (10% w/w); meanwhile, the mice that were treated with honey acted as the positive control group and the untreated mice as negative control group. Results showed that the wound contraction rate inclined to aqueous extracts as compared to untreated group (P
Pomegranate peel-derived punicalagin: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, purification, and its α-glucosidase inhibitory mechanism

Liu Y, Kong KW, Wu DT, Liu HY, Li HB, Zhang JR, et al.

Food Chem, 2022 Apr 16;374:131635.
PMID: 34823934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131635

The pomegranate peel is a by-product of pomegranate fruit rich in polyphenols. In this study, pomegranate peel polyphenols were explored using LC-MS/MS, and punicalagin was the most abundant compound. The highest yield (505.89 ± 1.73 mg/g DW) of punicalagin was obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with the ethanol concentration of 53%, sample-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 w/v, ultrasonic power of 757 W, and extraction time of 25 min. Punicalagin was further purified by the macroporous resin D101 and prep-HPLC, reaching the purity of 92.15%. The purified punicalagin had the IC50 of 82 ± 0.02 µg/mL against α-glucosidase, similar to the punicalagin standard with IC50 of 58 ± 0.014 µg/mL, both exhibiting a mixed inhibitory mechanism. Molecular docking further revealed that a steric hindrance with the intermolecular energy of -7.99 kcal/mol was formed between punicalagin and α-glucosidase. Overall, pomegranate peel is a promising source of punicalagin to develop anti-diabetic functional foods.
Fulltext Separation, Identification, and Bioactivities of the Main Gallotannins of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata) Coats

Gan RY, Kong KW, Li HB, Wu K, Ge YY, Chan CL, et al.

Front Chem, 2018;6:39.
PMID: 29541634 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00039

The red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) is an underutilized edible bean cultivated in China. It was previously found to have the highest content of antioxidant polyphenols among 42 edible beans, mainly gallic acid, and gallotannins in its red bean coat, an apparently unique characteristic among edible beans. In this study, the main phenolic compounds in red sword bean coats were further separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and identified by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activities and antibacterial activity (diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ) of main gallotannin-rich fractions were tested. Our results showed that gallotannins of red sword bean coats were mainly comprised of monogalloyl to hexagalloyl hexosides. Interestingly, tetragalloyl, pentagalloyl, and hexagalloyl hexosides were identified as the possible candidates responsible for the red color of the coats. On the other hand, gallotannin-rich fractions exhibited diverse antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and tetragalloyl hexoside overall had the highest free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The degree of galloylation did not completely explain the structure-function relationship of gallotannins isolated from red sword bean coats, as there should exist other factors affecting their bioactivities. In conclusion, red sword bean coats are excellent natural sources of gallotannins, and their gallotannin-rich extracts can be utilized as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents with potential health benefits as well as application in food industry.