Methods: A parallel randomised controlled single blinded study was conducted with a sample size of 70 patients who were randomised into two groups. One group underwent MRM using ultrasonic dissector (Group A) and the other one using electrocautery (Group B). Intra- and post-operative outcomes were compared.
Results: Group A had an average operating time of 30.86 min, which was statistically less than that of Group B. The mean mop count and the daily drain output in Group A were less as compared to Group B and the differences were statistically significant. Drain was removed early in Group A as compared to Group B. However, post-operative pain scores and seroma formation were not statistically significant among the two groups.
Conclusion: Ultrasonic dissector group had significantly lesser intra-operative bleeding, operating time and post-operative drain output when compared to electrocautery group. However, the two groups had no significant difference in post-operative pain scores and seroma formation.
METHODS: Seven psychiatrists from seven countries reviewed recent published and ongoing research in psychiatry in their respective nations, with respect to themes, as well as any barriers or challenges faced by mental health researchers.
RESULTS: While the seven nations included in this review vary in terms of research capabilities and economic development level, they share many similarities both in terms of research direction, and with regards to challenges faced. Limitations in the form of sociocultural differences from the West, and a lack of funding were some of the barriers identified.
DISCUSSION: Mental health research in the region has been progressing well. However, more varied research in the form of qualitative or economic studies are lacking, as are multi-center studies. The similar issues that nations face with regards to research could perhaps benefit from collaborative efforts and initiatives for the furtherance of research in the region.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to comprehensively explore the diverse mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assess the evolution of resistance detection methods, and identify strategies for overcoming this challenge. The evolution of resistance detection methods and identification strategies for overcoming the challenge.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms, including altered drug efflux, reduced uptake, inactivation, target mutations, signaling pathway changes, apoptotic defects, and cellular plasticity. The evolution of mutation detection techniques, encompassing clinical predictions, experimental approaches, and computational methods, was investigated. Strategies to enhance drug efficacy, modify pharmacokinetics, optimizoptimizee binding modes, and explore alternate protein folding states were examined.
RESULTS: The study comprehensively overviews the intricate mechanisms contributing to cancer drug resistance. It outlines the progression of mutation detection methods and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches. Strategies to overcome drug resistance challenges, such as modulating ATP-binding cassette transporters and developing multidrug resistance inhibitors, are discussed. The study underscores the critical need for continued research to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.
CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the complexity of cancer drug resistance mechanisms, highlights evolving detection methods, and offers potential strategies to enhance treatment outcomes.
METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for published studies from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted by using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g. "Iran"), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as "cannabis", "marijuana", "hashish", "bhang "dual diagnosis", "use", "addiction", "prevalence", "co-morbidity", "substance use disorder", "legalization" or "policy" (English and non-English). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string in studies records' titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English (national language country) languages to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries.
RESULTS: Inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and intervention strategies across the reviewed countries were the main findings. European countries have dominated cannabis research output in PubMed, as compared to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran and Nepal).
CONCLUSIONS: Although global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.