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Carotenoid biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms in plants

Othman R, Mohd Zaifuddin FA, Hassan NM

J Oleo Sci, 2014;63(8):753-60.
PMID: 25017864

Carotenoids are bioactive compounds with remarkably special properties produced by plants in response to internal and external stresses. In this review paper, we focus on the subject of carotenoid biosynthesis and several factors that have been reported to significantly enhance or reduce carotenoid accumulation in studied plant species. These factors include varietal aspects, location, growing season, and type of stress experienced by a plant. In addition, we propose that there are three stress resistance mechanisms in plants: avoidance, tolerance, and acclimation. Better understanding of the environmental factors affecting carotenoid biosynthesis will help researchers to develop methods for enhancing the production of carotenoids and other pigments to desired concentrations in plant crops.
Fulltext Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and its Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Availing Primary Health Care in Terengganu State, Malaysia

Husain NF, Yusoff HM, Hassan NM, Aziz AA

Oman Med J, 2023 Sep;38(5):e546.
PMID: 38249131 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.97

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are considered to be at high risk for contracting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI and its associated factors among diabetic patients attending primary care clinics in Terengganu state, Malaysia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending 11 health clinics in the Terengganu region from June 2017 to November 2018. The selected participants were administered a tuberculin skin test (TST). Simple and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the significant associated factors of LTBI.
RESULTS: The total number of participants were 703 DM patients. The factors found associated with LTBI were poor diabetic control status (odds ratio (OR) = 8.53; p=0.008), being a healthcare worker (OR = 7.91; p=0.001), history of contact with TB patients (OR = 5.69; p < 0.001), bronchial asthma (OR = 5.28; p=0.019), coronary heart disease (OR = 3.45; p=0.026), and nephropathy (OR = 0.34; p=0.040). The presence of LTBI was found in 34 (4.8%) participants.
CONCLUSIONS: At 4.8%, the prevalence of LTBI among DM patients in Terengganu is relatively low. Diabetics with poorly controlled blood glucose levels, nephropathy, bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, history of TB patient contact, or working in the healthcare profession should be periodically tested for LTBI.
Human milk donation is an alternative to human milk bank

Hsu HT, Fong TV, Hassan NM, Wong HL, Rai JK, Khalid Z

Breastfeed Med, 2012 Apr;7(2):118-22.
PMID: 22011131 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0006

Human milk bank is a source of human milk supply in many neonatal intensive care units. However, there are some hospitals without this facility because of financial or religious impediments, such as the Muslim community.
Fulltext Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Stem Extract of Entada spiralis and Screening of Their Biomedical Activity

Wan Mat Khalir WKA, Shameli K, Jazayeri SD, Othman NA, Che Jusoh NW, Hassan NM

Front Chem, 2020;8:620.
PMID: 32974269 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00620

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been established as antibacterial nanoparticles and have been innovatively developed to overcome the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly and easy method of the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs plants, mediated by aqueous extract stem extract of Entada spiralis (E. spiralis), was successfully developed. The E. spiralis/Ag-NPs samples were characterized using spectroscopy and the microscopic technique of UV-visible (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption at 400-450 nm in the UV-vis spectra established the formation of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs. The crystalline structure of E. spiralis/Ag-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. The small size, around 18.49 ± 4.23 nm, and spherical shape of Ag-NPs with good distribution was observed in the FETEM image. The best physicochemical parameters on Ag-NPs biosynthesis using E. spiralis extract occurred at a moderate temperature (~52.0°C), 0.100 M of silver nitrate, 2.50 g of E. spiralis dosage and 600 min of stirring reaction time. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris using an antibacterial disk diffusion assay. Based on the results, it is evident that E. spiralis/Ag-NPs are susceptible to all the bacteria and has promising potential to be applied in both the industry and medical fields.
Fulltext Modifiable factors influencing emotional intelligence among medical interns

Hassan NM, Daud N, Mahdi NNRN, Ibrahim MS, Yusop YM, Pauzi MF

Future Healthc J, 2022 Jul;9(Suppl 2):33.
PMID: 36310954 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.9-2-s33
Fulltext Factors predicting unsatisfactory work performance among medical interns

Hassan NM, Daud N, Mahdi NNRN, Ibdrahim MS, Yusop YM, Pauzi MF, et al.

Future Healthc J, 2022 Jul;9(Suppl 2):34.
PMID: 36310956 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.9-2-s34
Identification of Alkaloid Compounds Arborinine and Graveoline from Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers for their Antifungal Potential against Isocitrate lyase (ICL1) gene of Candida albicans

Kamal LZM, Adam MAA, Shahpudin SNM, Shuib AN, Sandai R, Hassan NM, et al.

Mycopathologia, 2021 May;186(2):221-236.
PMID: 33550536 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00523-z

Candida albicans has been reported globally as the most widespread pathogenic species contributing candidiasis from superficial to systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Their metabolic adaptation depends on glyoxylate cycle to survive in nutrient-limited host. The long term usage of fungistatic drugs and the lack of cidal drugs frequently result in strains that could resist commonly used antifungals and display multidrug resistance (MDR). In search of potential therapeutic intervention and novel fungicidals, we have explored a plant alkaloids, namely arborinine and graveoline for its antifungal potential. Alkaloids belongs to Rutaceae family have been reported with numerous antimicrobial activities. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify the antifungal active alkaloids of R. angustifolia and assess antifungal effect targeting C. albicans isocitrate lyase (ICL) gene which regulates isocitrate lyase, key enzyme in glyoxylate cycle contributing to the virulence potential of C. albicans. Alkaloids were extracted by bioassay guided isolation technique which further identified by TLC profile and compared with the standard through HPLC and NMR analysis. The antifungal activities of the extracted alkaloids were quantified by means of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The gene expression of the targeted gene upon treatment was analysed using RT-qPCR and western blot. Additionally, this study looked at the drug-likeness and potential toxicity effect of the active alkaloid compounds in silico analysis. Spectroscopic analysis showed that the isolated active alkaloids were characterized as acridone, furoquinoline, 4-quinolone known as arborinine and graveoline. Results showed that each compound significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans at the dose of 250 to 500 µg/mL which confirm its antifungal activity. Each alkaloid was found to successfully downregulate the expression of both ICL1 gene CaIcl1 protein. Finally, ADMET analysis suggests a good prediction of chemical properties, namely absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) that will contribute in drug discovery and development later on.