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  1. Fulltext Information Needs of Post Myocardial Infarction (MI) Patients: Nurse’s Perception in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC)
    Ho, SE, Hayati, Y., Ting, CK, Oteh, M., Choy, YC
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(2):281-287.
    MyJurnal
    Patient education has been considered as an  integral component of care for patient after myocardial infarction. Post myocardial infarction patients require information and knowledge related to their conditions to reduce anxiety and aid recovery. The objective of this study was to identify nurses’ perception on information needs of post MI patients of UKMMC. A cross sectional study using Cardiac Patient Learning Needs Inventory (CPLNI) adopted from Timmins and Kalizer (2002) was used. It comprises seven cate-gories: related to anatomy and physiology, psychological factor, life style factor, medi-cation information, dietary information,  physical activity, and symptom management. This study was conducted in coronary care unit (CCU), coronary rehabilitation ward (CRW), medical ward 1 and medical ward 2 from January 2007 to March 2007. 56 res-pondents (96%) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Results showed that CCU and CRW respondents ranked symptom management as their first ranking followed by medication, life style factor, anatomy and physiology, dietary in-formation, physical activity and psychological factor. However, respondents in Medical Ward 1 and 2 reported and ranked medication information as their top priorities fol-lowed by symptom management, psychological factors, dietary information, physical activity, anatomy and physiology and life style factor. There were significant differ-ences between ward nurses’ responses with their perception related to anatomy and physiology, psychology factor, life style factor, physical activity, and symptom man-agement with p value
  2. Response to Commentary on Watt E, Murphy M, Pascoe E, Scanlon A & Gan S (2011) An evaluation of a structured learning programme as a component of the clinical practicum in final year bachelor of nursing programme: a pre-post test analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 20, 2286-2293
    Ho SE, Das S
    J Clin Nurs, 2012 Jan;21(1-2):297-8.
    PMID: 22150867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03966.x
  3. Fulltext Quality of life amongst post coronary artery bypass Patients at the national heart institute, malaysia
    Ho, SE, Noor Siah, A.A., Zaidah, Z., Teoh, KH, Gurbinder, J.S., Ismail, M.S., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2010;5(2):77-85.
    MyJurnal
    Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery has increased the survival rate for individuals suffering from myocardial infarction or coronary ischemia. The present study aimed to examine the perception of quality of life amongst post CABG patients at the National Heart Institute Malaysia. A total of 69 post CABG patients, were studied using the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 (SF-36). The findings showed that post CABG respondents possessed good level of quality of life (SF-36) physically and mentally. There were significant differences between the role physical in the physical functioning domains of quality of life with gender (t=0.286, p
  4. Fulltext Vienna nomogram-based prostate biopsy: can it be a much better diagnostic tool than other conventional prostate biopsies?
    Ho CC, Ho SE, Das S
    Korean J Urol, 2014 Sep;55(9):628.
    PMID: 25237467 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2014.55.9.628
  5. Re: Giorgio Gandaglia, Alberto Briganti, Graham Jackson, et Al. A systematic review of the association between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Eur urol 2014;65:968-78
    Ho CC, Ho SE, Das S
    Eur Urol, 2014 Nov;66(5):e87.
    PMID: 24951360 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.06.003
  6. Fulltext Survey of nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding post operative pain management at teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Ho SE, Choy YC, Rozainee A
    Medicine & Health, 2009;4(1):47-52.
    MyJurnal
    Post operative pain is an expected adverse outcome following surgery and it often delays mobilization and overall recovery. Acute post operative pain is subjective and cannot be measured directly. The objective of this study was to determine nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards post operative pain management. A cross sectional study was conducted in surgical wards and the Intensive Care Unit of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre from February to April 2008. A 28 item questionnaire which comprised of two domains: knowledge and attitude towards post operative pain management was used. Eighty four respondents successfully responded to the study. Twenty respondents (25%) possessed high level, 58 respondents (69%) possessed moderate level and 5 respondents (6%) had low knowledge level of post operative pain management. Positive attitude towards post operative pain management was reported by 66 respondents (78.5%). There was a significant relationship between nurses’ academic qualifications and attitude towards post operative pain management (χ² =29.96, p
  7. Cigarette smoking and the influencing factors among adolescents in a secondary school in Malaysia
    Santhna LP, Khalid Z, Selamat S, Ho SE, Mat S
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(6):507-12.
    PMID: 24424214 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1628
    BACKGROUND: Smoking has always been a huge problem in Malaysia and its surrounding nations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to identify the influencing factors associated with smoking habits among adolescents.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 respondents, using a questionnaire which had 4 sections: socio-demographic data, personal information, family information and social information. Data was analyzed using SPSS® version 16. For categorical variables, comparisons were made using Chi-square and for numerical variables a t-test was performed.

    RESULTS: The current smoker prevalence rate was 20.8% which showed a significant association between smoking and individual factors: level of knowledge on the effects of smoking (p < 0.05), significant association was seen between smoking and marital status of parents, smoking status of male siblings and various other aspects of the individuals themselves.

    CONCLUSIONS: Concerted efforts involving various parties should be taken to curb or prevent this problem or the number of teenage smokers in the country will increase. This in the long run will invite problems to the well being of the adolescents themselves, their families, community and the nation as a whole.

  8. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in malaysia producing IMP-7 beta-lactamase
    Ho SE, Subramaniam G, Palasubramaniam S, Navaratnam P
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2002 Oct;46(10):3286-7.
    PMID: 12234862
    We have isolated and identified a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from Malaysia that produces an IMP-7 metallo-beta-lactamase. This isolate showed high-level resistance to meropenem and imipenem, the MICs of which were 256 and 128 micro g/ml, respectively. Isoelectric focusing analyses revealed pI values of >9.0, 8.2, and 7.8, which indicated the possible presence of IMP and OXA. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the IMP-7 determinant.
  9. Fulltext Diabetes mellitus and diet: few important facts to ponder. [Kencing manis dan diet: beberapa fakta penting untuk direnungi bersama]
    Das S, Suhaimi F, Ho C, Ho SE
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(1):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. There is either disturbance in insulin secretion or defective insulin action or even a combination of both. Usually, there are few confounding factors like genetic, obesity, sedentary life style, atherosclerosis, and even faulty dietary habits which lead or aggravate DM. Usually, the individual does not care and often the complications resulting from hyperglycaemia are fatal. Complications in DM involve the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal and neurological systems in the body. Treatment of diabetic complications is not only costly but it is also a burden on the affected families. The present review discusses the challenges faced in DM with special concern on diet and food habits. Knowledge of proper food consumption may also help an individual combat complication in DM and reduce the mortality and morbidity.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; complications; food; habits; mortality; morbidity
  10. Perception of quality of life amongst end stage renal failure patients undergoing haemodialysis
    Ho SE, Ho CC, Norshazwani N, Teoh KH, Ismail MS, Jaafar MZ, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(6):499-505.
    PMID: 24424213 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1627
    AIMS: The objective of the study was to examine the quality of life amongst the end stage renal disease (ESRD) haemodialysis patients in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 ESRD patients at a Dialysis Centre in Malaysia. The modified KDQOL-SF™ subscales, kidney disease-targeted scale and 36 item health survey scale questionnaires were used.

    RESULTS: The overall health rating was 66.73 ± 11.670 indicating good quality of life. There was no significant difference between quality of life for the different domains according to gender (p >0.05). However, there were significant differences between quality of life in the domain of burden of kidney disease. Physical functioning deteriorated significantly with age (p=0.012) while social functioning was lowest in the 50-65 years age group (p=0.037). Those who had no morbidities had significantly better scores on the effects of kidney (p=0.036), burden of kidney disease (p=0.011) and physical functioning (p=0.025).

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing haemodialysis have been found to have good quality of life despite having ESRD. It is therefore of paramount importance to constantly monitor the standard of care for these patients to enable them to live their life to the fullest.

  11. A study of knowledge and attitudes of registered nurses towards pain management in an urban hospital
    Ho SE, Ho CC, Pang Yuen H, Lexshimi R, Choy YC, Jaafar MZ, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2013 May-Jun;164(3):215-9.
    PMID: 23868622 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1551
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nurses play a pivotal role in pain management. Unrelieved pain significantly interferes with patient's quality of life and is of great concern to nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge level and attitudes of nurses related to pain management.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in an urban hospital. A total of 84 registered nurses were recruited using a modified version of questionnaire of Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain.
    RESULTS: The findings showed that respondents possessed good knowledge (99.12±14.810) and attitude (66.00 ±10.415) towards pain management. Fifty five respondents (66%) responded as positive to cultural beliefs affecting their pain management and 65 respondents (77%) viewed that their personal experiences had influenced their practice in pain management. Another 45 respondents (54%) reported they have attended pain course. There was no significant difference in pain management between respondents' year of service, cultural belief and personal experiences (p=>0.05). In terms of knowledge towards to pain management, respondents' age groups of more than 40 years were noted to possess better knowledge (p=0.046), unmarried respondents (p=0.018), and attended pain course (p=0.001) were significant. Attitude towards to pain management was not significant (p≤0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Nurses' knowledge and attitudes scores were impressive but there is room for further improvement to pain management. Continuing education organized by the hospital had significant impact on the nurses. However, this education course has to be reinforced from time to time in order to improve patients' pain experiences.
  12. Nurses compliance to hand hygiene practice and knowledge at Klang Valley hospital
    Ho SE, Ho CC, Hng SH, Liu CY, Jaafar MZ, Lim B
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(5):407-11.
    PMID: 24217826 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1604
    Hand hygiene is the most important measure in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Adherence to hand hygiene protocols in hospital by nurses enables in prevention and control the HCAI. The main aim of the present study was to assess nurses' compliance to hand hygiene practice and knowledge in a hospital.
  13. Information needs of family members of critically ill patients in intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital
    Noor Siah AA, Ho SE, Jafaar MZ, Choy YC, Das S, Ismail SM, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2012;163(1):63-7.
    PMID: 22362236
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS. The experience in intensive care unit (ICU) has created an intense emotional situation both to patients and their family members. The aim of this study was to determine the family members information needs of critically ill patients in ICU.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:
    A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 family members of patients admitted in ICU. A face to face interview was conducted and a self-report questionnaire of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) was used.

    RESULTS:
    Findings reported CCFNI five sub-attributes that ranked from highest to lowest included: support (mean 39.13 ± 6.189); proximity (mean 27.17 ± 3.384); information (mean 24.25 ± 3.093); assurance (mean 22.67 ± 1.862) and comfort (mean 16.24 ± 2.776). There were no significant differences in needs between family members with different gender (p >0.05). However, there were significant differences in support needs between family members with admission to ICU with (t=-2.111; p <0.05). There were significant differences in assurance needs (F=3.542; p <0.05) and information needs (F=3.681; p <0.05) between family members with age. There were no significant differences in needs between family members with different education level (p >0.05) whereas assurance needs were significant differences with education level of (F=3.542; p <0.05).

    CONCLUSION:
    The results suggest that family members perceived support and proximity as the most crucial need. Comfort need was viewed as least important. Although this study was conducted in a tertiary hospital, the findings could still provide insight for nurses to improve the delivery of care to patients and family members.
  14. The quality of life among coronary heart disease patients at a teaching hospital
    Ho SE, Ting CK, Das S, Loo CY, Rohayu AB, Khor SY, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):217-22.
    PMID: 21717045
    Quality of life after acute coronary heart disease amongst patients is important outcome factor in deliberations of patient's care. The main aim of the study was to examine the quality of life amongst acute CHD patients.
  15. The ideal measurement of the quality of life in post stroke patients: an urban study
    Samsiah M, Das S, Chee SY, Rashidah R, Siti H, Ruth P, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):209-15.
    PMID: 21717044
    There is paucity of literature on the measurement of the quality of life in post stroke patients in the developing countries. The main objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) of post stroke patients.
  16. Faecal prevalence of extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms in a geriatric population and among haematology patients
    Nurul Atifah MA, Loo HK, Subramaniam G, Wong EH, Selvi P, Ho SE, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2005 Dec;27(2):75-81.
    PMID: 17191389
    Antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins is increasingly reported worldwide. In the local setting, nosocomial infections with multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are not uncommon and are a growing concern. However, there is limited data on the carriage rates of such organisms in the local setting. In May 2001, a prospective study was carried out to determine the enteric carriage rates of ceftazidime-resistant Gram negative bacilli (CAZ-R GNB) among residents of nursing homes and from in-patients of the geriatric and adult haematology wards of University Malaya Medical Centre. Ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CAZ-R GNB) were detected in 25 samples (30%), out of which 6 were from nursing home residents, 5 from geriatric in-patients and 14 from the haematology unit. A total of 28 CAZ-R GNB were isolated and Escherichia coli (10) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7) were the predominant organisms. Resistance to ceftazidime in E. coli and Klebsiella was mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Although the majority of the CAZ-R GNB were from patients in the haematology ward, the six nursing home residents with CAZ-R GNB were enteric carriers of ESBL-producing coliforms. Prior exposure to antibiotics was associated with carriage of ESBL organisms and to a lesser extent, the presence of urinary catheters.
  17. beta-Lactam resistance phenotype determination in Escherichia coli isolates from University Malaya Medical Centre
    Wong JS, Mohd Azri ZA, Subramaniam G, Ho SE, Palasubramaniam S, Navaratnam P
    Malays J Pathol, 2003 Dec;25(2):113-9.
    PMID: 16196367
    beta-Lactamases have been identified as the major cause of antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli. The activities of ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanate as well as a range of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied with 87 clinical E. coli isolates from patients of the University Malaya Medical Center using the disc diffusion technique. Susceptible, intermediate and resistant categories were established based on the diameter of zones of inhibition set by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were then classified into 6 phenotypes according to the criteria stated in the methodology: S (susceptible to all beta-lactams); TL (resistant to aminopenicillins; amoxicillin-clavulanate susceptible and susceptible or intermediate to ampicillin-sulbactam); TI (resistant to aminopenicillins and ampicillin-sulbactam; susceptible to amoxicilin-clavulanate); TH-IRT (resistant to aminopenicillins; intermediate or resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate; resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam); ESBL (resistant to aminopenicillins and oxyimino cephalosporins; positive results with the double-disc diffusion test); and CP (resistant to aminopenicillins, beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, oxyimino cephalosporins and cephamycins). Results showed that the TL phenotype was the commonest (40.2% of the isolates) followed by S (31%), TH-IRT (16.1%), ESBL and CP (3.4% each) and TI (2.3%). One isolate showed both ESBL and CP phenotypes while two isolates were classified as inconclusive. Representatives from each phenotype were further analysed for the presence of beta-lactamases which revealed a predominance of TEM and SHV enzyme producers. PCR-SSCP analysis of the SHV gene from all the ESBL and CP isolates revealed the predominance of SHV 5-type enzyme which was concurrent with our previous studies.
  18. Fulltext Sharps injury in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM): experiences of health care workers and students
    Santhna LP, Samsiah M, Raja Lexshimi RG, Roshdinom R, Ho SE, Hamidah H
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):86-92.
    MyJurnal
    Sharps injury among health care workers in HUKM has received serious attention lately due to the possible transmission of diseases like HIV, Hepatits B and Hepatitis C, which can cause serious consequences for the victim. The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the emotional problems experienced by health care workers who had incurred a sharps injury and the coping strategies adopted by them to overcome the problem. A 28 item semi-structured questionnaire was designed by the supervisors and the researcher as there was no existing questionnaire to be adopted, as no research had been carried out in this area prior to this. The target group consisted of 64 health care workers of different categories working in HUKM. Data was collected over a period of five months from November 2000 to March 2001. The results of the study revealed that the most frequently injured were the staff nurses, nearly 90% of whom were emotionally upset and were worried that they might contract a disease. There was no significant difference in the emotional stress experienced by the different categories of the health care workers, all were equally upset about the injury but each category of staff adopted different methods to overcome the tragedy. Open comments and opinions about prevention and the management of the sharps injury in HUKM as given by the respondents here are taken into account. Several views given by the participants were explored and discussed. Finally, several implications for nursing and recommendations have been presented.
    Study site: Wards and the general operating theatres in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  19. Fulltext A study on anxiety and depression level among high risk inpatient pregnant women in an obstetric ward
    Raja Lexshimi RG, Ho SE, Hamidah H, Rohani M, Syed Zulkifli SZ
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):34-41.
    MyJurnal
    Pregnancy is perceived by many pregnant mothers as a period of happiness in anticipation of motherhood. Not all pregnant mothers experience cheerfulness as some may experience a high anxiety and depression level for unknown reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety and depression among high risk pregnant women and the factors that contribute to their level of anxiety and depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 high risk mothers whose stay in hospital exceeded more than three days in the obstetric ward of Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A self assessment questionnaire “Hospital Anxiety Depression scale” was used to measure the level of anxiety and depression among high risk pregnant women. Of the 38 participants, 16 (42.1%) women experienced a mild level of anxiety and 22 (57.9%) experienced a severe level of anxiety. Seventeen (44.7%) women was classified as having mild depression and 21 (55.3%) severe depression. The factors contributing to the level of anxiety and depression, include those related with “lack of information on disease”, “family matters” and “finance”. High risk pregnant women in this study experienced a significant level of anxiety and depression during their stay in hospital. It is therefore important for nurses and doctors to be aware and sensitive to the influencing factors that cause anxiety and depression as to enable high risk pregnant mothers to enjoy their pregnancy and childbirth.
    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  20. Study on advanced life support devices in the ambulances for emergency cases in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Ismail MS, Hasinah AB, Syaiful MN, Murshidah HB, Thong TJ, Zairi Z, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2012;163(2):115-22.
    PMID: 22555825
    In an effort to improve pre-hospital care, the authors assessed the availability and utility of ambulance devices. The study aimed to identify commonly used devices for managing emergency cases in Klang Valley of Malaysia.
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