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A new deformable model based on fractional Wright energy function for tumor segmentation of volumetric brain MRI scans

Ibrahim RW, Hasan AM, Jalab HA

Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2018 Sep;163:21-28.
PMID: 30119853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.05.031

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The MRI brain tumors segmentation is challenging due to variations in terms of size, shape, location and features' intensity of the tumor. Active contour has been applied in MRI scan image segmentation due to its ability to produce regions with boundaries. The main difficulty that encounters the active contour segmentation is the boundary tracking which is controlled by minimization of energy function for segmentation. Hence, this study proposes a novel fractional Wright function (FWF) as a minimization of energy technique to improve the performance of active contour without edge method.
METHOD: In this study, we implement FWF as an energy minimization function to replace the standard gradient-descent method as minimization function in Chan-Vese segmentation technique. The proposed FWF is used to find the boundaries of an object by controlling the inside and outside values of the contour. In this study, the objective evaluation is used to distinguish the differences between the processed segmented images and ground truth using a set of statistical parameters; true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative.
RESULTS: The FWF as a minimization of energy was successfully implemented on BRATS 2013 image dataset. The achieved overall average sensitivity score of the brain tumors segmentation was 94.8 ± 4.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the proposed FWF method minimized the energy function more than the gradient-decent method that was used in the original three-dimensional active contour without edge (3DACWE) method.
Fulltext Improving RLRN image splicing detection with the Use of PCA and kernel PCA

Moghaddasi Z, Jalab HA, Md Noor R, Aghabozorgi S

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:606570.
PMID: 25295304 DOI: 10.1155/2014/606570

Digital image forgery is becoming easier to perform because of the rapid development of various manipulation tools. Image splicing is one of the most prevalent techniques. Digital images had lost their trustability, and researches have exerted considerable effort to regain such trustability by focusing mostly on algorithms. However, most of the proposed algorithms are incapable of handling high dimensionality and redundancy in the extracted features. Moreover, existing algorithms are limited by high computational time. This study focuses on improving one of the image splicing detection algorithms, that is, the run length run number algorithm (RLRN), by applying two dimension reduction methods, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel PCA. Support vector machine is used to distinguish between authentic and spliced images. Results show that kernel PCA is a nonlinear dimension reduction method that has the best effect on R, G, B, and Y channels and gray-scale images.
Combined Spline and B-spline for an improved automatic skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images using optimal color channel

Abbas AA, Guo X, Tan WH, Jalab HA

J Med Syst, 2014 Aug;38(8):80.
PMID: 24957396 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0080-7

In a computerized image analysis environment, the irregularity of a lesion border has been used to differentiate between malignant melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. The accuracy of the automated lesion border detection is a significant step towards accurate classification at a later stage. In this paper, we propose the use of a combined Spline and B-spline in order to enhance the quality of dermoscopic images before segmentation. In this paper, morphological operations and median filter were used first to remove noise from the original image during pre-processing. Then we proceeded to adjust image RGB values to the optimal color channel (green channel). The combined Spline and B-spline method was subsequently adopted to enhance the image before segmentation. The lesion segmentation was completed based on threshold value empirically obtained using the optimal color channel. Finally, morphological operations were utilized to merge the smaller regions with the main lesion region. Improvement on the average segmentation accuracy was observed in the experimental results conducted on 70 dermoscopic images. The average accuracy of segmentation achieved in this paper was 97.21 % (where, the average sensitivity and specificity were 94 % and 98.05 % respectively).
Fulltext Mathematical model based on fractional trace operator for COVID-19 image enhancement

Karim FK, Jalab HA, Ibrahim RW, Al-Shamasneh AR

J King Saud Univ Sci, 2022 Oct;34(7):102254.
PMID: 35957965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102254

The medical image enhancement is major class in the image processing which aims for improving the medical diagnosis results. The improving of the quality of the captured medical images is considered as a challenging task in medical image. In this study, a trace operator in fractional calculus linked with the derivative of fractional Rényi entropy is proposed to enhance the low contrast COVID-19 images. The pixel probability values of the input image are obtained first in the proposed image enhancement model. Then the covariance matrix between the input image and the probability of a pixel intensity of the input image to be calculated. Finally, the image enhancement is performed by using the convolution of covariance matrix result with the input image. The proposed enhanced image algorithm is tested against three medical image datasets with different qualities. The experimental results show that the proposed medical image enhancement algorithm achieves the good image quality assessments using both the BRISQUE, and PIQE quality measures. Moreover, the experimental results indicated that the final enhancement of medical images using the proposed algorithm has outperformed other methods. Overall, the proposed algorithm has significantly improved the image which can be useful for medical diagnosis process.
Fulltext A hybrid algorithm for clustering of time series data based on affinity search technique

Aghabozorgi S, Ying Wah T, Herawan T, Jalab HA, Shaygan MA, Jalali A

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:562194.
PMID: 24982966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/562194

Time series clustering is an important solution to various problems in numerous fields of research, including business, medical science, and finance. However, conventional clustering algorithms are not practical for time series data because they are essentially designed for static data. This impracticality results in poor clustering accuracy in several systems. In this paper, a new hybrid clustering algorithm is proposed based on the similarity in shape of time series data. Time series data are first grouped as subclusters based on similarity in time. The subclusters are then merged using the k-Medoids algorithm based on similarity in shape. This model has two contributions: (1) it is more accurate than other conventional and hybrid approaches and (2) it determines the similarity in shape among time series data with a low complexity. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, the model is tested extensively using syntactic and real-world time series datasets.
Fulltext A New Local Fractional Entropy-Based Model for Kidney MRI Image Enhancement

Al-Shamasneh AR, Jalab HA, Palaiahnakote S, Obaidellah UH, Ibrahim RW, El-Melegy MT

Entropy (Basel), 2018 May 05;20(5).
PMID: 33265434 DOI: 10.3390/e20050344

Kidney image enhancement is challenging due to the unpredictable quality of MRI images, as well as the nature of kidney diseases. The focus of this work is on kidney images enhancement by proposing a new Local Fractional Entropy (LFE)-based model. The proposed model estimates the probability of pixels that represent edges based on the entropy of the neighboring pixels, which results in local fractional entropy. When there is a small change in the intensity values (indicating the presence of edge in the image), the local fractional entropy gives fine image details. Similarly, when no change in intensity values is present (indicating smooth texture), the LFE does not provide fine details, based on the fact that there is no edge information. Tests were conducted on a large dataset of different, poor-quality kidney images to show that the proposed model is useful and effective. A comparative study with the classical methods, coupled with the latest enhancement methods, shows that the proposed model outperforms the existing methods.
MRI Brain Classification Using the Quantum Entropy LBP and Deep-Learning-Based Features

Hasan AM, Jalab HA, Ibrahim RW, Meziane F, Al-Shamasneh AR, Obaiys SJ

Entropy (Basel), 2020 Sep 15;22(9).
PMID: 33286802 DOI: 10.3390/e22091033

Brain tumor detection at early stages can increase the chances of the patient's recovery after treatment. In the last decade, we have noticed a substantial development in the medical imaging technologies, and they are now becoming an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment processes. In this study, we generalize the concept of entropy difference defined in terms of Marsaglia formula (usually used to describe two different figures, statues, etc.) by using the quantum calculus. Then we employ the result to extend the local binary patterns (LBP) to get the quantum entropy LBP (QELBP). The proposed study consists of two approaches of features extractions of MRI brain scans, namely, the QELBP and the deep learning DL features. The classification of MRI brain scan is improved by exploiting the excellent performance of the QELBP-DL feature extraction of the brain in MRI brain scans. The combining all of the extracted features increase the classification accuracy of long short-term memory network when using it as the brain tumor classifier. The maximum accuracy achieved for classifying a dataset comprising 154 MRI brain scan is 98.80%. The experimental results demonstrate that combining the extracted features improves the performance of MRI brain tumor classification.
A medical image enhancement based on generalized class of fractional partial differential equations

Ibrahim RW, Jalab HA, Karim FK, Alabdulkreem E, Ayub MN

Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2022 Jan;12(1):172-183.
PMID: 34993069 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-15

Background: The interest in using fractional calculus operators has grown in the field of image processing. Image enhancement is one of image processing tools that aims to improve the details of an image. The enhancement of medical images is a challenging task due to the unforeseeable variation in the quality of the captured images.
Methods: In this study, we present a mathematical model based on the class of fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). The class is formulated by the proportional-Caputo hybrid operator (PCHO). Moreover, some properties of the geometric functions in the unit disk are applied to determine the upper bound solutions for this class of FPDEs. The upper bound solution is indicated in the relations of the general hypergeometric functions. The main advantage of FPDE lies in its capability to enhance the low contrast intensities through the proposed fractional enhanced operator.
Results: The proposed image enhancement algorithm is tested against brain and lungs computed tomography (CT) scans datasets of different qualities to show that it is robust and can withstand dramatic variations in quality. The quantitative results of Brisque, Piqe, SSEQ, and SAMGVG were 40.93%, 41.13%, 66.09%, and 31.04%, respectively for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and 39.07, 41.33, 30.97, and 159.24 respectively for the CT lungs images. The comparative results show that the proposed image enhancement model achieves the best image quality assessments.
Conclusions: Overall, this model significantly improves the details of the given datasets, and could potentially help the medical staff during the diagnosis process.