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Fatty acids composition of selected Malaysian fishes

Nur Airina Muhamad, Jamaludin Mohamad

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:81-94.

A comparative study on the fatty acids contents of three Malaysian marine fishes Tenualosa toli (Terubok), Rastrelliger kanagurta (Kembong), Stolephorus baganensis (Bilis) and three freshwater fishes Channa striatus (Haruan), Pangasius hypothalamus (Patin), Clarias macrocephalus (Keli) were carried out. Marine fishes showed more unsaturated fatty acids with 3, 4, 5 and 6 double bonds than in freshwater fishes. Two n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahaexaenoic acid (DHA) were found more in marine fishes PUFAs than in freshwater fishes. Based on the fatty acids content of DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid (AA), Stolephorus baganensis provides the best source of it (4.68%,10.5%, 4.68%) followed by Rastrelliger kanagurta (10.62%, 4.85%, 3.17%) and Tenualosa toli (9.93%, 2.50%, 0.16%). However, freshwater fishes showed small range of DHA (0.63% - 1.41%), EPA (0.11% - 0.25%) and AA (1.41% - 4.46%). Saturated fatty acids palmitic was the major fatty acid found in all fishes studied.
Antihypertension activity of water extract of tacca integrifolia

Farah Liyana Jamaludin, Jamaludin Mohamad

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:425-433.

Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl (Taccaceae) is locally known as ‘Belimbing Tanah’. It has been traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension, hemorrhoids, heart failure and kidney disease. Analysis of leaf and rhizome extracts of T. integrifolia using LCMS/MS showed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quinic acid, gypenosides and 3-caffeolquinic acid. The total phenol contents are high in the leaves and rhizome water extracts at 792.75±0.21 and 350.83±0.15 mgGAE/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents are also high in the leaf extract at 89.52±0.27 mgQE/g and rhizome extract at 30.22±0.37 mgQE/g. ACE inhibitory activity was highest in rhizome water extract. Sub-acute toxicity test showed that no mortality occurred in rats fed with these extracts under experimental conditions. Blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats was reduced significantly (p<0.05) at 50 and 100 mg/kg of leaves and rhizome water extract, respectively. Liver function test indicated no significant difference in total protein, ALT and AST between control group fed with 100 mg/kg of both extracts. Similarly, renal function test indicated no significant difference in sodium and potassium levels as well as creatinine between control group fed with 100 mg/kg leaves and rhizome water extract. Thus, these results supported and provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of T. integrifolia as treatment for hypertension.
Fulltext Antioxidants and phytochemical analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant catharanthus roseus

Farah Wahida Ayob, Jamaludin Mohamad, Khanom Simarani

Borneo Journal of Sciences and Technology, 2019;1(2):62-68.
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Four endophytic fungi have been tested for antioxidant properties using different assays; DPPH radicalscavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating activity (FCA). The test of polyphenolic content also has been done for both total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). There was no result on the half maximal concentration (IC50) for both DPPH and FCA assays for all fungi. However, through FRAP assays the results were ranged from 0.336±0.01 to 0.477±0.11 mmol Fe2+/g extract where N. sphaerica had the highest result. This fungus also showed the highest results on TPC and TFC, which were 0.030±0.000 (mg GAE/g) and 0.038±0.001 (mg QE/g) respectively.
Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Leptospermum flavescens in Alloxan induced diabetic rats

Asmawati Abd Rahim, Jamaludin Mohamad, Zazali Alias

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1295-1304.

Leptospermum flavescens, commonly known as ‘Gelam bukit’ has been used by the Malays as traditional plants in Malaysia for antidiabetic treatment. However, at this moment there is no scientific evidence and data available to validate such claim. In the present study, the aqueous extract of leaves and stems were studied for its antidiabetic activity. The total phenols and flavonoids were determined and correlated with antidiabetic activity. The detection of aqueous leaves extract with LCMS/MS showed the presence of flavonoids aromadendrin glucoside, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside and vindoline. The extract has significantly inhibited glycogen phosphorylase at 85% with IC50 = 0.18 mg/mL. In the alloxan induced diabetic rats showed that extract at 500 mg/kg decreased significantly fasting plasma glucose level by 61.9% (p<0.001) on the 20th day as compared to diabetic control. The treatment with Leptospermum flavescens at 500 mg/kg showed that it decreased the total cholesterol and triglycerides but restored the HDL level. The high antidiabetic activity was correlated with high total phenol at 1.57±0.01 GAE/g and total flavonoids at 1.41±0.01 mg QE/g. Thus, the high antidiabetic activity of the aqueous leaves extract attributed due to the presence of aromadendron glucoside, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside and vindoline in aqueous extract of Leptospermum flavescens.
Antioxidant activity of Ardisia crispa (Mata pelanduk)

Hassan Mahmood Kzar Jindal, Jamaludin Mohamad

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:539-545.

The leaf and fruit crude extracts of hexane, chloroform, methanol and water of Ardisia crispa were screened for their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and metal chelating antioxidant assay. The methanol crude extract of fruits showed higher antioxidant activity (90.16 ± 0.01%) than the methanol crude extract of leaves (82.24 ± 0.02%) in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. In the ferric reducing power assay methanol fruit extract showed the highest absorbance indicating high antioxidant activities than leaf extract. In the metal chelating antioxidant assay fruit methanol extract gave 40% antioxidant activities than the leaf. Thin Layer Chromatography of the fruit methanol crude extract showed that it contained phenolic compounds when it was detected with folin reagent. HPLC analysis revealed that the fruit methanol extract contained gallic acid. This indicated that the high antioxidant activities of the fruits were due to the presence of gallic acid in the fruits of Ardisia crispa.
Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of tinospora crispa and tabernaemontana corymbosa

Heida Nadia Zulkefli, Jamaludin Mohamad, Nurhayati Zainal Abidin

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:697-706.

Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa have been used traditionally to treat fever, diabetes, rheumatism and sinusitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The presence of apigenin and magnoflorine was detected using LCMS/MS in Tinospora crispa (Patawali) whereas appararicine, voafinine, conodusarine, conodurine, voacamine and voacangine were detected in Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Susur kelapa) methanol extract. The stem extract of Tinospora crispa showed high antioxidant activity in the following order: DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating assay (98.8%, 0.957, 81.97%) than Tabernaemontana corymbosa of leaves (90.04%, 0.652, 69.64%), stem (82.78%, 0.819, 36.70%) and root extracts (63.25%, 0.469, 51.56%), respectively. The high antioxidant activity in the stem extract of Tinospora crispa is due to the presence of apigenin and magnoflorine. The high antioxidant activity in Tabernaemontana corymbosa extract is due to its high phenol contents. There were significant linear positive correlation (r=0.788, p<0.001, r2=0.621) between the total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay in the crude extracts of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Meanwhile, a significant moderate positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and ferric reducing power assay (r= 0.556, p<0.05, r2= 0.309). However, there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficient of total phenolic content and metal chelating assay.
Effects of Soya bean extract, Bisphenol A and 17β-Estradiol on the testis and circulating levels of Testosterone and Estradiol among Peripubertal juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats

Anwar Norazit, Jamaludin Mohamad, Shaharudin Abdul Razak, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, Ashriya Azmil, Mustafa Ali Mohd

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:63-69.

In this study, juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats (PND 22) were fed with soya extract, bisphenol A, and 17β-estradiol, respectively by oral gavage to determine the potential effect on the morphology of their reproductive organs and their hormonal levels. After three weeks of treatment (PND 43), all animals were sacrificed and the blood and testes were collected. All the three treatment groups showed histological differences in testes morphology compared to the control. Animals treated with soya extract and bisphenol A showed a decrease in circulating estradiol levels while animals treated with 17β-estradiol showed elevated circulating levels of estradiol. Only the animals treated with soya extract showed elevated levels of circulating testosterone. The results of the present study showed that, soya extract, bisphenol A, and 17β-estradiol can alter the histological structure of the testes and influence circulating steroidal hormone levels.
Antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Kemunting) fruits and Its effect on lipid profile in induced-cholesterol New Zealand white rabbits

Muhamad Fahrin Maskam, Jamaludin Mohamad, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, Adlin Afzan, Isa Wasiman

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1673-1684.

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit extract and its effect on triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid peroxidation in induced-cholesterol New Zealand White Rabbits. In DPPH assay, at concentration of 200 ug/mL methanol extract give 62.13% inhibition of DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 107 μg/mL. Similarly, in FRAP assay the methanol extract at concentration of 500 ug/mL showed the highest absorbance (0.16) for antioxidant activity. Whereas, in metal chelating assay the methanol extract at concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibited 36% inhibition of metal chelating ions. The antioxidant activities were due to the presence of phenolics compounds of quinic acid, gallic acid and caffeic acid, which were identified with Q-TQF MS. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content was the highest in water extract at 66.515 mg of GAE/g and 1.828 mg of QE/g, respectively. The water extract of R. tomentosa was non-toxic at LC50 = 616.083 μg/mL. The white New Zealand rabbits group A was fed by oral gavages with normal diet; Group B cholesterol 1% diet; group C cholesterol 1% diet with fruit extract 50 mg/kg and Group D cholesterol 1% diet with simvastatin standard drug 5 mg/kg. The rabbits in group C has a significantly reduced (p<0.05) total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significantly increased (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglycerides (TG) as compared with group B. The lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly (p<0.05) as indicated by the low TBARs-MDA level in group C. Thus, these results showed that the R. tomentosa fruit extracts was able to reduce cholesterol level and increased HDL level which can prevent the formation of atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits.
Fulltext Kenaf fibre and its bio-based composites: a conspectus

Adole, Adole Michael, Jamaludin Mohamad Yatim, Suhaimi Abubakar Ramli, Athirah Othman, Norazura Azzmi Mizal

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(1):297-329.
MyJurnal

(Kenaf fibre is a good reinforcement in fibre polymer composites due to its high strength
and elastic modulus, high stiffness, low density, low cost and eco-efficient, less health
hazards, renewability, good mechanical and thermal properties, and biodegradability. It is
traditionally used for rope, twine, fish net and sacking materials. Recently, it was observed
that kenaf fibre had huge potentials to replacing synthetic fibre in composites due to the
rising environmental and ecological issues, thus this awareness has motivated efforts for
the advancement of new innovative bio-based composites incorporating kenaf fibre for
various end-use structural applications. This paper presents an overview of the development
made so far in the area of kenaf fibre and its composites in terms of chemical and microstructural
properties, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal stability, product
development and application. Some fundamental issues and suggestions for further research
in this area are also discussed.
Phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica

Ain QU, Iqbal MO, Khan IA, Bano N, Naeem M, Jamaludin MI, et al.

Am J Transl Res, 2023;15(7):4533-4543.
PMID: 37560231

OBJECTIVE: Plant-based natural antioxidants have a wide variety of biological activities with significant therapeutic value. Mangifera indica has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments in animals and human, but little is defined about its biological or pharmacological effects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica.
METHODS: To investigate the possible impact of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyrexia, we used a combined in vitro and in vivo series of experiments on laboratory animals.
RESULTS: Results revealed significant antioxidant potential in 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, while significant but dose dependent antipyretic potential was documented in typhoid-paratyphoid A and B (TAB) vaccine and prostaglandin E (PGE) induced pyrexia models. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed in both acute and chronic inflammatory models of arachidonic acid and formalin. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of M. Indica confirmed the presence of mangiferin, quercetin, and isoquercetin. These phytoconstituents likely play a role in the observed biological activities. Our results show that M. indica has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, lending credence to its traditional use and advocating for its utilization as a viable contender in treating oxidative stress-associated ailments.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Magnifera indica has various properties in the treatment of various diseases.