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  1. Fulltext Systemic Manifestations of the Periodontal Disease: A Bibliometric Review
    Ahmad P, Arshad AI, Della Bella E, Khurshid Z, Stoddart M
    Molecules, 2020 Oct 01;25(19).
    PMID: 33019648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194508
    This bibliometric review aimed to identify and analyze the top 100 most-cited publications on the systemic manifestations of periodontal disease (PD). A literature search was performed using the Web of Science (WoS) 'All Databases', without any restriction of language, publication year, or study design. Of 4418 articles, the top 100 were included based on their citation count. After downloading the full texts, their bibliometric information was extracted and analyzed. The citation counts for the top 100 articles ranged from 156 to 4191 (median 217). The most productive years were 2003 and 2005, with 20 articles on the list. Majority of the articles were published in the Journal of Periodontology (n = 25). The top 100 articles were generated primarily from the USA (n = 61). Most of the publications were clinical trials (n = 27) and focused on the cardiovascular manifestations of PD (n = 31). Most of the articles were within the evidence level V (n = 41). A total of 58 studies received funding and the most frequently used keyword in the top articles was "periodontal disease" (n = 39). The current citation analysis presents insights into the current trends in the systemic manifestations of periodontal disease.
  2. Fulltext Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers
    Hamza SA, Wahid A, Afzal N, Asif S, Imran MF, Khurshid Z, et al.
    Eur J Dent, 2020 Mar;14(2):260-267.
    PMID: 32396972 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709896
    OBJECTIVE:  Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days).

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:  Chi-squared test, independaent t-test, and paired t-test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of p≤0.050.

    RESULTS:  Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant (p≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant (p = 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant (p = 0.076).

    CONCLUSION:  This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.

  3. The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Overview Part 2: The Promise and Perils, and the International Dental Federation Communique
    Tuygunov N, Samaranayake L, Khurshid Z, Rewthamrongsris P, Schwendicke F, Osathanon T, et al.
    Int Dent J, 2025 Feb 25.
    PMID: 40011130 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.006
    In the final part of this two part article on artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry we review its transformative role, focusing on AI in dental education, patient communications, challenges of integration, strategies to overcome barriers, ethical considerations, and finally, the recently released International Dental Federation (FDI) Communique (white paper) on AI in Dentistry. AI in dental education is highlighted for its potential in enhancing theoretical and practical dimensions, including patient telemonitoring and virtual training ecosystems. Challenges of AI integration in dentistry are outlined, such as data availability, bias, and human accountability. Strategies to overcome these challenges include promoting AI literacy, establishing regulations, and focusing on specific AI implementations. Ethical considerations in AI integration within dentistry, such as patient privacy and algorithm bias, are emphasized. The need for clear guidelines and ongoing evaluation of AI systems is crucial. The FDI White Paper on AI in Dentistry provides insights into the significance of AI in oral care, dental education, and research, along with standards for governance. It discusses AI's impact on individual patients, community health, dental education, and research. The paper addresses biases, limited generalizability, accessibility, and regulatory requirements for AI in dental practice. In conclusion, AI plays a significant role in modern dental care, offering benefits in diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision-making. While facing challenges, strategic initiatives focusing on AI literacy, regulations, and targeted implementations can help overcome barriers and maximize the potential of AI in dentistry. Ethical considerations and ongoing evaluation are essential for ensuring responsible, effective and efficacious deployment of AI technologies in dental ecosystem.
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