METHODS: Out of 1,249 older participants (aged 60 years and above) without MCR at baseline (Wave II of LRGS-TUA cohort study), 719 were successfully followed up after 3.5 years to identify predictors of subsequent MCR development. A comprehensive interview-based questionnaire was administered for sociodemographic information, cognitive function, psychosocial, functional status, and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and physical performance were assessed. Univariate analyses were performed for each variable, followed by a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of MCR that accounted for confounding effects between the studied factors.
RESULTS: The incidence rate of MCR was 4.0 per 100 person-years. Smoking (Adjusted Odd Ratio (Adj OR) = 1.782; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.050-3.024), hypertension (Adj OR = 1.725; 95% CI:1.094-2.721), decreased verbal memory as assessed by the lower Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (Adj OR = 1.891; 95% CI:1.103-3.243), and decreased functional status measured using instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) (Adj OR = 4.710; 95% CI:1.319-16.823), were predictors for MCR incidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study results provide an initial reference for future studies to formulate effective preventive management and intervention strategies to reduce the growing burden of adverse health outcomes, particularly among Asian older adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 47 Year 4 pharmacy students in the pre- and post-practical phases (September 2018 and November 2018), followed by the post-resting phase (May 2019). The data collection form in the Sport Pharmacy course was used for the data collection.
RESULTS: Nearly half of the students initially displayed a normal body mass index (BMI). However, after the post-resting period, there was a noticeable increase in the number of students categorized as obese and those with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Specifically, in the pre-study phase, out of 47 participants, 22 were within the normal BMI (47%), six underweight (13%), nine overweight (19%), and ten obese (21%). The intervention phase showed a slight reduction in the overweight category, while the obese category showed an increase. For TC, the pre-phase had 70% of participants within the normal range, with 26% borderline high and 4% high. Post-study, showed an improvement, likely influenced by controlled dietary intake and physical activity. In the post-resting phase, however, there was a regression as the majority did not adhere to the non-pharmacological regimen. FBG demonstrated significant changes after the intervention, particularly within the normal range (≤ 6.0 mmol/L), showing the only statistically significant change across parameters. While the post-resting phase saw a minor increase, it remained below baseline. Approximately 23% continued diet control, while 32% maintained physical activity. Key motivations included health improvement, visible results, and improved well-being, while lack of motivation, time, and study schedules were primary discontinuation factors.
CONCLUSION: The 10-week intervention significantly impacted FBG but had limited influence on BMI and TC. Post-resting outcomes highlight that only a small fraction maintained the non-pharmacological approach, resulting in no marked changes in any parameters. Recommendations include further long-term studies to confirm the sustained benefits and the role of educational institutions in supporting such interventions.
METHODS: Thirty-two adults with recurrent, nonspecific LBP were randomized into two groups: Appendicular BFR exercise (BFR exercise) or control exercise (CON exercise). All participants trained (two times per week) for 10 wk, with a 12-wk follow-up. Participants performed three sets of leg extension (LE), plantar flexion (PF), and elbow flexion (EF) exercises followed by low-load TE exercise without BFR. Outcome measures included magnetic resonance imaging-derived muscle size (quadriceps and TE), strength (LE, PF, EF, and TE), and endurance (LE and TE).
RESULTS: There was no evidence for a cross-transfer of effect to the TE. There was also no statistically significant enhancement of limb skeletal muscle size or function of BFR relative to CON exercise at any time point; though, moderate effect sizes for BFR exercise were observed for enhanced muscle size and strength in the leg extensors.
CONCLUSIONS: Low-load BFR exercise of the appendicular muscles did not result in a cross-transfer of effect to the TE musculature. There was also no significant benefit of low-load BFR exercise on the appendicular muscle size and function, suggesting no benefit from low-load BFR exercise in adults with recurrent, nonspecific LBP.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our present study is to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive, multidomain intervention on CF; to evaluate its cost effectiveness and the factors influencing adherence toward this intensive intervention.
METHODS: A total of 1,000 community dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above will be screened for CF. This randomized controlled trial involves recruitment of 330 older adults with CF from urban, semi-urban, and rural areas in Malaysia. Multidomain intervention comprised of physical, nutritional, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects will be provided to participants in the experimental group (n = 165). The control group (n = 165) will continue their usual care with their physician. Primary outcomes include CF status, physical function, psychosocial and nutritional status as well as cognitive performance. Vascular health and gut microbiome will be assessed using blood and stool samples. A 24-month intensive intervention will be prescribed to the participants and its sustainability will be assessed for the following 12 months. The effective intervention strategies will be integrated as a personalized telerehabilitation package for the reversal of CF for future use.
RESULTS: The multidomain intervention developed from this trial is expected to be cost effective compared to usual care as well as able is to reverse CF.
CONCLUSION: This project will be part of the World-Wide FINGERS (Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability) Network, of which common identifiable data will be shared and harmonized among the consortia.
METHODS: We harmonized longitudinal data of 11,988 participants from 10 cohorts in eight countries to examine the dose-response relationship between late-life physical activity and incident dementia among older adults.
RESULTS: Using no physical activity as a reference, dementia risk decreased with duration of physical activity up to 3.1 to 6.0 hours/week (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67 to 1.15 for 0.1 to 3.0 hours/week; HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89 for 3.1 to 6.0 hours/week), but plateaued with higher duration. For the amount of physical activity, a similar pattern of dose-response curve was observed, with an inflection point of 9.1 to 18.0 metabolic equivalent value (MET)-hours/week (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.22 for 0.1 to 9.0 MET-hours/week; HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.93 for 9.1 to 18.0 MET-hours/week).
DISCUSSION: This cross-national analysis suggests that performing 3.1 to 6.0 hours of physical activity and expending 9.1 to 18.0/MET-hours of energy per week may reduce dementia risk.