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Fulltext Cosmos caudatus Kunth. extract reduced number of microflora in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Yusoff, N. A. H., Sanuan, F. M., Rukayadi, Y.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1837-1842.
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Nowadays consumer is more demand on natural foodstuff instead of synthetic product due to their concern on health. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of C. caudatus extract on the number of microflora in oyster mushroom at different concentration of C. caudatus extract and exposure time using dilution method. The results showed that the number of microorganisms (Log10 CFU/g) in oyster mushroom in term of Total Plate Count (TPC), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 6.13 ± 0.04, 6.15 ± 0.09, 5.97 ± 0.04, and 6.46 ± 0.00, respectively. The effect of C. caudatus extract on microflora in oyster mushroom at concentrations of 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5.0% with exposure time of 0, 5, 10, and 15 min demonstrated that the reduction number of microflora in oyster mushroom was dependent on the concentration of C. caudatus extract and exposure times. The number of TPC (Log10 CFU/g) in oyster mushroom was significantly reduced after treated with C. caudatus extract at concentration of 0.05% for 15 min; 6.13 ± 0.04 reduced to 2.62 ± 0.07. Moreover, B. cereus (Log10 CFU/g) in oyster mushroom was significantly reduced by treatment of C. caudatus extract at concentration of 0.05% for 5 min; 6.15 ± 0.09 reduced to 3.77 ± 0.15. Meanwhile, the number of E. coli (Log10 CFU/g) in oyster mushroom was significantly reduced at concentration of 0.05% for 10 min; 5.97 ± 0.04 reduced to 3.21 ± 0.13. Lastly, the survival number of S. aureus in oyster mushroom was significantly reduced after treated with C. caudatus extract at concentration of 0.05% for 15 min; 6.46 ± 0.00 reduced to 4.83 ± 0.07. In conclusion, C. caudatus extract has potentiality to be developed as natural sanitizer for rinsing raw food materials such as oyster mushroom.
Fulltext Potential application of biomass derived graphene for COVID-19 pandemic

Arifin NFT, Yusof N, Nordin NAHM, Jaafar J, Ismail AF, Aziz F, et al.

Mater Today Proc, 2021;46:1959-1962.
PMID: 33680866 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.379

Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, intense research has been carried out to find the effective vaccine. However, this issue remains as a global challenge. Graphene has captured various attention due to promising antimicrobial and antiviral applications, hydrophobic characteristic and superior electrical conductivity. Recently, biomass derived graphene also promises great opportunity to combat the spread COVID-19. In this paper, we demonstrated the ability and role of biomass derived graphene as superhydrophobic coating, biosensors and disinfectant in the fight against COVID-19.
Three new species of Acanthocephala from Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from tinfoil barb fish, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii in Lake Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia

Mohd-Agos S, Mohd-Husin N, Zakariah MI, Yusoff NAH, Wahab W, Jones JB, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):387-395.
PMID: 34608112 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.064

This study was carried out in order to identify acanthocephalan species complexes, based on morphological variability, infecting Barbonymus schwanenfeldii from Lake Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia. Acanthocephala were fixed in ethanol, stained with aceto-carmine and studied morphologically by using a light microscope. Variation in morphological traits such as proboscis, proboscis receptacle, egg, testes shape and location, number of hooks and cement gland has been traditionally used to diagnose the acanthocephalans species but the delimitations between closely related species are still confusing and are always questionable among taxonomists. Molecular analysis was used for support the identification. Morphological variability prospecting reveals the presence of three different new species complexes from the subgenus Acanthosentis by referring published taxonomic keys. These new species may be distinguished from the other 46 described species of Acanthosentis by having six unique structures: the presence of an anterior parareceptacle structure (PRS); vaginal sleeve structure; a paired lateral, cone-shaped, muscular jacket surrounding the vagina; alternating pattern and size of proboscis hooks, variation in proboscis size and shape; the presence of the circular collar ring around the neck between the proboscis and trunk and lastly the presence of a muscular-like structure attached to the collar ring on the proboscis. These acanthocephalans found in the intestine of B. schwanenfeldii in Kenyir Lake Malaysia represent new species, named Acanthogyrus ( Acanthosentis) kenyirensis n.sp., A. ( A.) terengganuensis n.sp. and A. ( A.) tembatensis n. sp.
Tilted membrane panel: A new module concept to maximize the impact of air bubbles for membrane fouling control in microalgae harvesting

Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH

Bioresour Technol, 2017 Oct;241:661-668.
PMID: 28609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.175

Microalgae harvesting using membrane technology is challenging because of its high fouling propensity. As an established fouling mitigation technique, efficacy of air bubbles can be improved by maximizing the impact of shear-rates in scouring foulant. In this study, it is achieved by tilting the membrane panel. We investigate the effect of tilting angle, switching period as well as aeration rate during microalgal broth filtration. Results show that higher tilting angles (up to 20°) improve permeability of up to 2.7 times of the vertical panel. In addition, operating a one-sided panel is better than a two-sided panel, in which the later involved switching mode. One-sided membrane panel only require a half of area, yet its performance is comparable with of a large-scale module. This tilted panel can lead to significant membrane cost reductions and eventually improves the competitiveness of membrane technology for microalgae harvesting application.
Women's Experiences of Infant Feeding Practices While Living With HIV in Malaysia: A Community-Based Qualitative Study

Z S, S S, N A H, S A I

J Hum Lact, 2023 Nov;39(4):701-710.
PMID: 37675867 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231195580

BACKGROUND: With the advancement of antiretroviral therapy scale-up, it is possible for women living with HIV to breastfeed safely. However, this practice has not been adopted in Malaysia. Instead, infants are provided with subsidized human milk substitutes for their first 2 years of life.
RESEARCH AIM: This study describes the infant feeding experiences of women living with HIV in Malaysia.
METHODS: From August to October 2021, a nationwide, community-based qualitative study was conducted among women living with HIV and who received care from the Malaysian Ministry of Health. Using purposive sampling, participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded based on a secondary thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Six in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were conducted among 32 participants. Study participants were mostly Malay secondary school graduates in their 30s and 40s. Due to the fear of vertical transmission, which was explained by healthcare providers to the participants, none of the women breastfed their infants. The three primary themes that emerged from analyzing the women's infant feeding experiences were (1) a human milk substitute was the only option and was encouraged; (2) feeding infants with a human milk substitute made the women feel incomplete as mothers; and (3) the women encountered difficulties in obtaining the subsidized human milk substitute.
CONCLUSION: Women living with HIV in Malaysia have been advised to provide human milk substitutes to their infants in fear of HIV transmission.
Finned spacer for efficient membrane fouling control in produced water filtration

Rahmawati R, Bilad MR, Laziz AM, Nordin NAHM, Jusoh N, Putra ZA, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2019 Nov 01;249:109359.
PMID: 31404857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109359

Membrane based technologies are highly reliable for water and wastewater treatment, including for removal of total oil and grease from produced water. However, performances of the pressure driven processes are highly restricted by membrane fouling and the application of traditional air bubbling system is limited by their low shear stress due to poor contacts with the membrane surface. This study develops and assesses a novel finned spacer, placed in between vertical panel, for membrane fouling control in submerged plate-and-frame module system for real produced water filtration. Results show that permeability of the panel is enhanced by 87% from 201 to 381 L/(m2 h bar). The spacer system can be operated in switching mode to accommodate two-sided panel aeration. This leads to panel permeability increment by 22% higher than the conventional vertical system. The mechanisms of finned spacer in encouraging the flow trajectory was proven by visual observation and flow simulation. The fins alter the air bubbles flow trajectory toward the membrane surface to effectively scour-off the foulant. Overall results demonstrate the efficacy of the developed spacer in projecting the air bubble trajectory toward the membrane surface and thus significantly enhances membrane panel productivity.
Two-way switch: Maximizing productivity of tilted panel in membrane bioreactor

Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Khan AL, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2018 Dec 15;228:529-537.
PMID: 30273771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.029

Membrane fouling is a major challenge in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and its effective handling is the key to improve their competitiveness. Tilting panel system offers significant improvements for fouling control but is strictly limited to one-sided panel. In this study, we assess a two-way switch tilting panel system that enables two-sided membranes and project its implications on performance and energy footprint. Results show that tilting a panel improves permeance by up to 20% to reach a plateau flux thanks to better contacts between air bubbles and the membrane surface to scour-off the foulant. A plateau permeance could be achieved at aeration rate of as low as 0.90 l min-1, a condition untenable by vertical panel even at twice of the aeration rate. Switching at short periods (<5min) can maintain the hydraulic performance as in no-switch (static system), enables application of a two-sided switching panel. A comparison of vertical panel under 1.80 l min-1 aeration rate with a switching panel at a half of the rate, switched at 1 min period shows ≈10% higher permeance of the later. Since periodic switching consumes a very low energy (0.55% of the total of 0.276 kWh m-3), with reduction of aeration by 50%, the switching tilted panel offers 41% more energy efficient than a referenced full-scale MBR (0.390 kWh m-3). Overall results are very compelling and highly attractive for significant improvements of MBR technologies.
Tackling membrane fouling in microalgae filtration using nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane

Bilad MR, Azizo AS, Wirzal MDH, Jia Jia L, Putra ZA, Nordin NAHM, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2018 Oct 01;223:23-28.
PMID: 29885561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.007

Microalgae technology, if managed properly, has promising roles in solving food-water-energy nexus. The Achilles' heel is, however, to lower the costs associated with cultivation and harvesting. As a favorable technique, application of membrane process is strongly limited by membrane fouling. This study evaluates performance of nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane (NFM) to a conventional polyvinylidene fluoride phase inverted membrane (PVDF PIM) for filtration of Chlorella vulgaris. Results show that nylon 6,6 NFM is superhydrophilic, has higher size of pore opening (0.22 vs 0.18 μm) and higher surface pore density (23 vs 18 pores/μm2) leading to higher permeance (1018 vs 493 L/m2hbar) and better fouling resistant. Such advantages help to outperform the filterability of PVDF PIM by showing much higher steady-state permeance (286 vs 120 L/m2hbar), with comparable biomass retention. In addition, unlike for PVDF PIM, imposing longer relaxation cycles further enhances the performance of the NFM (i.e., 178 L/m2hbar for 0.5 min and 236 L/m2hbar for 5 min). Overall findings confirm the advantages of nylon 6,6 NFM over the PVDF PIM. Such advantages can help to reduce required membrane area and specific aeration demand by enabling higher flux and lowering aeration rate. Nevertheless, developments of nylon 6,6 NFM material with respect to its intrinsic properties, mechanical strength and operational conditions of the panel can still be explored to enhance its competitiveness as a promising fouling resistant membrane material for microalgae filtration.