Introduction: The prevalence of stress among Malaysian police is high in which 38.8% polices have severe stress related to work resources and workplace environment. Psychosocial safety climate is one of the indicators that can be used to avoid psychosocial health problems. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of psychosocial safety climate and to measure the effectiveness of a customised safety website in improving the safety climate. Methodology: This study involved 105 police officers who were randomly selected from nine different departments in PDRM Bukit Aman. A survey adapted from previous study was used to determine the psychosocial safety climate levels among respondents. Then, occupational safety website was introduced to the respondents and being used for two weeks. Lastly, post survey was done to see the difference of psychosocial safety climate before and after the use of the website. Results and Discussion: Findings showed that team psychological safety (r=0.381, p= , p=
Kajian mengenai penghasilan estolida berasaskan kepada asid risinoleik dan asid oleik telah dilakukan. Asid polihetero, asid 12-fosfotungstik dan asid silikotungstik telah digunakan sebagai mangkin dan tindak balas dilakukan pada suhu 60 atau 90ºC, selama 10 atau 24 jam. Nisbah mol antara asid risinoleik dan asid oleik ialah 2:1 dan peratus berat mangkin terhadap reaktan adalah 5%. Spektrum FTIR produk estolida telah dibandingkan dengan produk tindak balas yang menggunakan mangkin homogen asid perklorik. Pembentukan estolida ditunjukkan dengan kehadiran tiga puncak baru pada 1733 cm-1 untuk kumpulan berfungsi C=O ester, 967 cm-1 untuk -CH=CH- trans dan 1177 cm-1 untuk C-O-C. Spektrum FTIR yang serupa juga telah diperoleh untuk produk menggunakan mangkin homogen asid perklorik. Analisis LC-MS menunjukkan terbentuk tiga puncak baru monoestolida pada masa penahanan (Rt) 8.6 (m/z 577), 10.2 (m/z 559) dan 12.1 minit (m/z 561). Hasil kajian menunjukkan tindak balas kondensasi antara oleik-risinoleik dengan menggunakan asid perklorik, pepejal asid silikotungstik dan asid fosfotungstik sebagai mangkin berjaya menghasilkan estolida masing-masing dengan peratus hasil 70.2, 70.0 dan 60.8%.
Biological pretreatment using microbial enzymes appears to be the most promising pre-treatment technology for the breakdown of recalcitrant lignin structure. This research focuses on the identification and characterization of lignin-depolymerizing enzymes in Bacillus subtilis strain S11Y, previously isolated from palm oil wastes in Malaysia. The draft genome sequences of this highly lignin-depolymerizing strain revealed that the genome lacked any of the well-known dye-decolorizing peroxidase or catalase-peroxidase that are commonly reported to be involved in lignin depolymerization by bacteria, indicating that strain S11Y has distinct sets of potential lignin depolymerization genes. The oxidative stress-related enzymes Cu/Zn type-superoxide dismutase (Sod2) and a heme-containing monofunctional catalase (Kat2) were identified in the genome sequences that are of interest. Their lignin-depolymerizing ability were evaluated by treating Alkali lignin (AL) with each enzyme and their degradation ability were evaluated using gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which successfully proved lignin depolymerizing ability. Successful evaluation of lignin depolymerizing enzymes can be applicable for lignin pretreatment process in green energy production and generation of valuable chemicals in bio-refinery.
Previous studies on screening of lignin-degrading bacteria mainly focused on the ligninolytic ability of the isolated bacteria for the utilization of lignin monomers. In this study, we focused on the depolymerization of alkali lignin to prove the ability of the isolated thermophilic bacterial strains to utilize and depolymerize more than a monomer of alkali lignin within 7 days of incubation. Indigenous thermophilic bacterial isolates from the palm oil plantation were used to evaluate the depolymerization and utilization of alkali lignin. The confirmation of the bacterium-mediated depolymerization of oil palm empty fruit bunch was achieved through the removal of silica bodies, as observed with scanning electron microscopy. Stenotrophomonas sp. S2 and Bacillus subtilis S11Y were able to reduce approximately 50% and 20% of alkali lignin at 7 days of incubation without the requirement for additional carbon sources.