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Fulltext Telomere and a final verdict for cellular senescence

Aye Aye Wynn, Nang Khin Mya

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(3):57-60.
MyJurnal

Telomeres are specialized DNA complexes found at the end of all chromosomes. Human, as a member of eukaryotic cells, requires telomeres to maintain the length and the stability of chromosomes. Telomeres lose their non-coding DNA sequence to protect the genetic information on the chromosomes. Shortening of telomeres occurs in most somatic cells after sufficient cell division in a human lifetime. Normal haemopoietic cells or stem cells possess telomerase enzyme to restore telomeres and allow further replication. Telomere dysfunction is the origin of several degenerative disorders and also predispose to cancer. Roles of telomere in carcinogenesis and ageing related disorders are reviewed.
Fulltext Leading factors and consequences of the violence against women in Myanmar-hospital based study

Nang Khin Mya, Aye Aye Wynn, Win Tin, Myo Min

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):42-42.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Violence Against Women has increasingly been recognized in the international areas as an obstacle to women’s development and it may have a myriad of devastating consequences on women’s long or short- term health and wellbeing. The study explored the highlight the prevalence and health effects of Violence Against Women which might reflect the probable causes, the types of injuries, leading factors and consequences of the violence. Methods:Hospital based case study, which was referred to forensic department, Mandalay General Hospital from 1st Jan 2000 to 30th Sept 2000. Personal interview and medical examination of 50-100 victims, girls & women, who were phys-ically and sexually violated was done. Results: Total 92 patients were interviewed and examined, prevalence of dif-ferent age ranging from 5 to 56, were physically and sexually violated during the study period, 62 patients were phys-ically assaulted, and 30 victims were sexually violated. 20-40 age group is more commonly conflicted by physical violence 69.3%) while 10-20 age group were commonly conflicted by sexual violence (56.6%). Pattern of different types of injury and locations are also recorded as a consequence of physical assault and commonest injury is bruise (47%). Commonest location is injury over head & neck (61.8%). Relationship to perpetrator were recorded, physical assaults were commonly by spouse (39%) while sexual assaults were acquaintance (58%). Events leading to violence at home are recorded as nuclear family and alcohol consumption is more common, fights were most common events in community setting. Conclusion: Violence Against Women is neither prevalent nor uncommon in Myanmar. In this study, all forms of injuries were recorded and among them the commonest injuries were bruises, the event leading to violence recorded as fights, alcohol consumption, nuclear family was most common. Violence has a psychological impact on other members of the family, particularly children. However, a multi-sectoral approach has become a necessity to create a happy family, society and nation. It could be achieved by uplifting the socio-economic status of the family, practising the religious teachings and abiding within the framework of the laws. The Trans-National Committed should be formed to effectively minimize trafficking in women and children in the Region.
Skeletal manifestations of congenital syphilis: Rare but clinically relevant

Pg Mohammad Hussein PMN, Kew ST, Nang KM, Kadir F, Teh YG

Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Dec;16(12):3635-3637.
PMID: 34630789 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.09.004

Congenital syphilis occurs as a result of maternal transmission of treponema pallidum in utero. This condition is mainly diagnosed by treponemal and non-treponemal serologic tests. However, both maternal nontreponemal and treponemal IgG antibodies can be transferred through the placenta to the fetus, thus complicating its interpretation soon after birth. We report a case of a neonate with congenital syphilis whose mother became infected after the first trimester of pregnancy. We report how skeletal radiographs expedite the clinical decision-making process and direct further management of neonates. This case also highlights the need for repeated syphilis screening in the latter part of pregnancy.
Fulltext Forensic age estimation in living children: how accurate is the Greulich-Pyle method in Sabah, East Malaysia?

Nang KM, Ismail AJ, Tangaperumal A, Wynn AA, Thein TT, Hayati F, et al.

Front Pediatr, 2023;11:1137960.
PMID: 37397141 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1137960

BACKGROUND: The Greulich and Pyle's Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist (GP Atlas) is the most widely used method of determining the bone age (BA) of a child. It is also a widely accepted method for forensic age determination. As there is limited local bone age data for forensic age estimation, the purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the GP Atlas for forensic age determination in living Sabahan children.
METHOD: This study recruited 182 children between the ages of 9 years to 18 years. BA estimation of the left-hand anteroposterior radiographs were performed by two experienced radiologists using the Greulich-Pyle method.
RESULTS: The BA estimates from two radiologists had very high interobserver reliability (ICC 0.937) and a strong positive interobserver correlation (r > 0.90). The GP method, significantly and consistently underestimated chronological age (CA) by 0.7, 0.6 and 0.7 years in overall children, boys and girls respectively with minimal errors. Mean absolute error and root of mean squared error for overall children was 1.5 and 2.2 years respectively, while mean absolute percentage error was 11.6%. This underestimation was consistent across all age groups but was statistically significant only at 13-13.9 and 17-18.9 years old age groups.
CONCLUSION: Despite high interobserver reliability of BA estimation using the GP Atlas, this method consistently underestimates the age of the child in all children to a significant degree, for both boys and girls across all age groups, with an acceptably low level of error metrics. Our findings suggest that locally validated GP Atlas or other type of assessments (artificial intelligence or machine learning) are needed for assessment of BA to accurately predict CA, since current GP Atlas standards significantly underestimated chronological age with minimal error for children in Sabah. A larger population-based study would be necessary for establishing a validated atlas of a bone age in Malaysia.