MATERIALS AND METHODS: The produced nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy. The Bovine Serum Assay (BSA) and Egg Albumin (EA) assays were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects. The protein denaturation of AgNPs was calculated and compared to a standard to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of green synthesized AgNPs. Using varying concentrations of OGmediated AgNPs in Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA), the antimicrobial effects of OG have been investigated against E. coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas sp. Additionally, by measuring optical density, the time-kill curve analysis for E. Coli and S. Aureus has been examined from one hour for up to five hours.

RESULTS: The green synthesized AgNPs were developed successfully using a plant Ocimum gratissimum. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 440 nm and SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical and oval. The result findings of the anti-inflammatory activity reveal that AgNPs have great potential when compared to the standard. At the concentration of 50 μg/mL, AgNPs exhibit 76% in BSA assay and 74% in EA assay, where the standard shows 80% inhibition. The antimicrobial activity showed a zone of inhibition around 19mm for E. coli and a 20mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus and Pseudomonas sp., which shows the efficacy of AgNPs. The time-kill assay shows that the optical density of E. coli and S. aureus was reduced to 0.1 after 5 hours of incubation, which shows the potential of green synthesized AgNPs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A UV-visible spectrophotometer and SEM were used to characterize the green synthesized SeNPs. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of green synthesized SeNPs were measured using the alphaamylase inhibitory & beta-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay and the egg albumin, bovine serum albumin, and membrane stabilization assays. A test for the mortality of brine shrimp was used to determine the cytotoxic impact of SeNPs.

RESULTS: A. linearis powder was used for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles, which exhibited the highest peak at 440 nm when analyzed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of synthesized SeNPs was maximally inhibited by 44-83% in the bovine serum albumin assay 54-79% in the egg albumin assay, and 54-86% in the membrane stabilization assay compared with standard. The inhibition percentage of antidiabetic activity was found to be 50-86% in the alphaamylase assay and 49-85% in the beta-glucosidase assay when compared to standards at various concentrations. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity impact shows that 70% of brine shrimp were alive at the maximum fixation of 80 µg/mL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from an herbal formulation containing Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum were tested at various concentrations using the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The absorbance was measured at 517 nm to quantify DPPH free radicals. With Ag NP concentrations, the H2O2 test exhibited increased activity. This work evaluated the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs mediated by Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis.

RESULTS: The utilization of herbal formulations from Z. officinale and O. gratissimum to synthesize Ag NPs revealed considerable therapeutic effectiveness. At a concentration of 50 μl, the maximal inhibition was 76%, which is comparable in effectiveness to that of standard ascorbic acid. Significant blood clot dissolution was observed during thrombolytic testing at a concentration of 100μg/ml, indicating promising prospects for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. Nanoparticles dose-dependently inhibited E. faecalis, C. albicans, S. aureus, and S. mutans in antibacterial testing. These results show the potential of the nanoparticles as supplementary or alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics, particularly in light of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Red tea and clove-mediated ZnO NPs were synthesized using the green synthesis method. The anti-microbial activity was tested against oral pathogens using the agar well diffusion method, while the anti-diabetic activity was estimated using the alpha-amylase inhibitory assay method by using red tea and clovemediated ZnO NPs.

RESULTS: ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using red tea and clove-formulated extract. The synthesized ZnO NPs using Aspalathus linearis (red tea) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) mediated ZnO NPs were characterized using UV visible spectrophotometry and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis. The green synthesized ZnO NPs show promising anti-microbial activity by exhibiting a 12 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, 11 mm in E. faecalis, 9 mm in S. mutans, and 11 mm in C. albicans. In anti-diabetic activity, the green synthesized ZnO NPs showed a maximum inhibition percentage of up to 80% at the maximum concentration of 50 µg/mL.