In vitro biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using zingiber officinale and ocimum gratissimum herbal formulation

INTRODUCTION: The biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized with Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum herbal formulation was investigated in this study. The study aims to reveal their applications in various biomedical fields. The study evaluates the antioxidant, thrombolytic, and antimicrobial potential of Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum herbal formulation-mediated Ag NPs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from an herbal formulation containing Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum were tested at various concentrations using the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The absorbance was measured at 517 nm to quantify DPPH free radicals. With Ag NP concentrations, the H2O2 test exhibited increased activity. This work evaluated the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs mediated by Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis.

RESULTS: The utilization of herbal formulations from Z. officinale and O. gratissimum to synthesize Ag NPs revealed considerable therapeutic effectiveness. At a concentration of 50 μl, the maximal inhibition was 76%, which is comparable in effectiveness to that of standard ascorbic acid. Significant blood clot dissolution was observed during thrombolytic testing at a concentration of 100μg/ml, indicating promising prospects for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. Nanoparticles dose-dependently inhibited E. faecalis, C. albicans, S. aureus, and S. mutans in antibacterial testing. These results show the potential of the nanoparticles as supplementary or alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics, particularly in light of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

CONCLUSION: The further investigation of nanoparticles into their mechanisms and efficacy in therapeutic applications, positioning Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum formulation-mediated Ag NPs as viable candidates in developing antioxidant, thrombolytic, and antimicrobial treatments.