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  1. Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic activity and constituents-activity relationships of the leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae)
    Ghalib RM, Hashim R, Sulaiman O, Mehdi SH, Anis Z, Rahman SZ, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2012;26(22):2155-8.
    PMID: 22181707 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.633083
    The leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae) have been refluxed successively with chloroform and alcohol to get chloroform extract and alcoholic extract. Both the extracts have been assayed for cytotoxicity against human colorectal tumour cells. The chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC(50) 31 µg mL(-1) (p  200 µg mL(-1). The chloroform extract has been further proceeded for chemical analysis by GC-TOFMS and 178 components were identified including acids, amines, amides, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, benzene derivatives, bicyclic compounds, terpenes, hydrocarbons, naphthalene derivatives, furan derivatives, azulenes, etc. Nine components representing 51.73% of the total chloroform extract were detected as major components. Caryophyllene (14.41%) and Eicosanoic acid ethyl ester (12.17%) are the most prominent components of the chloroform extract. β-Caryophyllene (14.41%) as most abundant compound supports potent cytotoxicity as shown by chloroform extract.
  2. Oral bacteria detection among children with cancer in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sidi Omar SFN, Ngui R, Ab Rahman SZ, Foo JC, Wang QY, Hassan NA, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):276-282.
    PMID: 34362870 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.068
    This study sought to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavities of children with cancer. There were 68 paediatric patients with cancer who were included in this study. Oral swab samples from the dorsum of tongues and mouth floors of these patients were subjected to culture, staining, and molecular methods to detect the bacteria. The overall prevalence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was 79.4% (54/68; 95% CI = 68.4 - 87.3) and 25% (17/68; 95% CI = 16.2 - 36.4), respectively. Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis were the predominant pathogenic grampositive bacteria, while Neisseria subflava and Neisseria perflava were the most common pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. The results revealed that the number of bacteria isolates recovered in patients receiving cancer treatment was higher (55.9%) than those who had not received treatment (16.2%). Therefore, more isolated pathogenic bacteria were observed post-therapy (54.4%). Pathogenic organisms can have significant implications on patient health. Awareness of the types of bacteria inhabiting the oral cavity is essential to predict and prevent dental problems, and their associated systemic complications. Findings on the diversity of oral microflora can also provide a better understanding of the aetiology of oral diseases in paediatric patients receiving cancer treatment.
  3. Determinants of microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kuala Selangor district: A cross-sectional study
    Shahrir NF, Aziz NRA, Ahmad FL, Muzaid NA, Samat F, Syed Ghazaili SNA, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2022 Nov 30;17(3):53-63.
    PMID: 36606172 DOI: 10.51866/oa.122
    INTRODUCTION: Microalbuminuria presents significant health risks for the progression of endstage renal-failure (ESRF) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to determine the proportion and associated factors of microalbuminuria among T2DM patients in Kuala Selangor district, Malaysia.

    METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 using secondary data from the National Diabetic Registry (NDR), Malaysia, and reviewed patients' diabetic records for the year 2020. All T2DM patients aged >18 years who were registered with the NDR in 2020 and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0. A total of 343 samples were included in this study for the determination of the proportion of microalbuminuria and its associated factors.

    RESULTS: Of 343 respondents, 34.4% had microalbuminuria. HbAlc >7.0% (AdjOR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.55, p=0.001), HDL <1.04 mmol/L (AdjOR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.323, 4.52, p=0.004), dyslipidaemia (AdjOR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.48, p=0.039), and peripheral neuropathy (AdjOR 3.01, 95% CI: 1.02, 8.93, p=0.047) were significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a modifiable risk factor in preventing the progression of ESRF among T2DM patients. Therefore, identification of factors associated with microalbuminuria among this high-risk group is important to facilitate early screening and prompt treatment to prevent progression of diabetic kidney disease to ESRF.

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