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Fulltext Paget's disease with craniofacial and skeletal bone involvement

Rai NP, Anekar J, Mustafa SM, Devang Divakar D

BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Sep 01;2016.
PMID: 27587747 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216173

Paget's disease is a metabolic disorder of bone caused due to defect in the remodelling process and is very common in western countries but is very rare in Asians and Africans. It was first described by a British scientist Sir James Paget in 1877. It can be monostotic or polyostotic depending on the number of bones involved. It most commonly affects older people of more than 50 years. Disease involvement can be symptomatic or asymptomatic depending on the extent of the disease process. Diagnosis of Paget's disease can be made by raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels, radiological examination and by radioisotope bone scans.
Fulltext Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism Using Dental Dimensions - An Observational Study

Rai NP, Kumar P, Arsheed NAA, Nagella SP, Mannivannan PC, Dhayanidhi A

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024 Feb;16(Suppl 1):S230-S232.
PMID: 38595508 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_473_23

AIM: In our study, we evaluated the gender dimorphism among dental measurements of selected people in a South Indian district.
METHODOLOGY: In our research, 500 participants between 17 and 25 years of age were included after taking their maxillary arch impressions. Utilizing Korkhaus compass and digital caliper, depth of palatal area as well as maxillary arch as a whole was done. T-test was done to initiate the comparative analysis between the palatal arch and complete maxillary arch depths where P < 0.05 was denoted significant statistically.
RESULTS: It was recorded that complete maxillary arch depth measurements were increased in case of men as compared to women, whereas the measurements related to depth of the palatal arch were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: In our research, we found that complete maxillary arch depth can be utilized for gender segregation accompanied with other auxiliary methods. The mean value for both these measurements can be utilized as a standard measurement for advance research.
Fulltext Expression of Calretinin Expression in Odontogenic Cysts and Odontogenic Tumors - Original Research

Pabbaraju S, Boddeda KR, Sankurathree S, Menon I, Rai NP, Nagella SP

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024 Feb;16(Suppl 1):S227-S229.
PMID: 38595345 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_469_23

AIM: The present study was conducted for assessing variability in calretinin expression among odontogenic cysts as well as tumor cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen cases were included in the present research consisting of cases like - dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, apical radicular cyst along with tumors like ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Calretinin antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining. The amount of expression of this calretinin was statistically analyzed with the help of Chi-square test where P < 0.05 was considered noteworthy statistically.
RESULTS: Most cases of ameloblastomas were highly positive for calretinin expression as compared to other cysts and tumors. Therefore, the correlation of this variation of expression of calretinin was statistically noteworthy (P = 0.00).
CONCLUSION: In this study, we concluded that for ameloblastomas, calretinin can be a specific marker immunohistochemically and can help in identifying the amount of aggressive spread of various odontogenic tumors.
Outcome of Palliative and Radical Radiotherapy in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - a Retrospective Study

Rai NP, Divakar DD, Al Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Mustafa SM, Durgesh BH, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(16):6919-22.
PMID: 26514468

BACKGROUND: The treatment selection for the oral squamous cell carcinoma remains controversial. Radiation therapy or surgical excision of the lesion can be applied as the sole treatment or it can be used in combination with other treatment modalities. Radiotherapy is considered to be the safest of all the treatment modalities and can be used in several situations for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival outcome differences in patients treated with radical and palliative radiotherapy as the primary treatment modality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 47 patients with oral cancer reporting to our hospital between years 2009 to 2010. The age group for the selected patients was more than 65 years, treated with radical and palliative radiotherapy with no prior surgical interventions. Patients were evaluated till Dec 2013 for overall survival time.
RESULTS: Twenty nine patients were treated with radical radiotherapy as main stay of treatment, out of which 21 died during the follow up time with median survival of 352 ± 281.7 days with 8 patients alive. All the 16 patients were dead who received palliative radiotherapy with a median survival time of 112 ± 144.0 days.
CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study showed improved overall survival time, loco regional control rates and reduced morbidity in patients treated with radical radiotherapy when compared to patients treated with palliative radiotherapy.
Fulltext Relation Between Periodontal Status and Pre-Cancerous Condition (Oral Lichen Planus): A Pilot Study

Rai NP, Kumar P, Mustafa SM, Divakar DD, Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, et al.

Adv Clin Exp Med, 2016 Jul-Aug;25(4):763-6.
PMID: 27629852 DOI: 10.17219/acem/59014

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic mucocutaneous disease mostly seen in middle aged and elderly females. Oral lichen planus can occur in different oral sites such as gingiva, labial, buccal mucosa and on the tongue. And can have an indirect effect on initiating periodontitis.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the periodontal status of OLP patients and compare it with that of healthy controls. The presence of erosive lesions among gingival tissues makes oral hygiene procedures difficult to perform for obvious reasons. Plaque control and rigorous oral hygiene are primary requisites for the treatment of any oro-mucosal disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients with the erosive and reticular form of OLP as a study group and 30 healthy subjects as a control group were selected. The periodontal status of all subjects including gingival index (GI), Russell's periodontal index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated in both groups. Finally, the data was analyzed by a paired t-test using SPSS software v. 22.
RESULTS: The mean values of GI, PI and BOP were observed to be higher in the study group compared to the control group, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results shown are suggestive that periodontal status was poor in the study group as compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Further studies need to investigate periodontal status in oral lichen planus patients with larger sample size, and careful follow-up of these will assure an increase in the quality of life of these patients. The patient should be informed regarding the risk of periodontal problems in OLP and should be advised to have regular dental checkups to avoid a worsening of the conditio.
KEYWORDS: gingivitis; oral lichen planus; periodontitis; pre-cancerous condition
Comparison of Serum Fucose Levels in Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients

Rai NP, Anekar J, Shivaraja Shankara YM, Divakar DD, Al Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(17):7497-500.
PMID: 26625751

BACKGROUND: Tumor markers, designated as a broad group of substances produced by malignancies, could be in the form of biochemical substances, immunological substances, cell surface changes and genetic alterations. Cancer, a disorder of cellular behavior is characterized by alteration of serum glycoproteins. L-fucose, a hexose, which is the terminal sugar in most of the plasma glycoproteins, may be useful as a tumor marker for the detection, monitoring and prognostic assessment of malignancies. The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of serum fucose as a biomarker for early detection of oral cancer and to compare serum fucose levels in healthy controls, leukoplakia and oral cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 (100.0%) subjects, who were grouped as 20 (33.3%) control subjects, 20 (33.3%) squamous cell carcinoma patients and 20 (33.3%) leukoplakia patients. Fucose estimation was done using UV-visible spectrophotometry based on the method as adopted by Winzler using cysteine reagent. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests.
RESULTS: Results showed a high significance in serum fucose in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia subjects compared to normal controls. There was a gradual increase in the values noted from control to leukoplakia and to squamous cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of serum fucose may be a reliable marker and can be used as an effective diagnostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.