MyMedR

Fulltext Chromogenic agar medium for rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases producing bacteria from human immunodeficiency virus patients

Rameshkumar MR, Vignesh R, Swathirajan CR, Balakrishnan P, Arunagirinathan N

J Res Med Sci, 2015 Dec;20(12):1219-20.

PMID: 26958061 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172994

Fulltext Retrospective Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus spp. from HIV Patients (2012-2017) from Southern India

Swathirajan CR, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P

Adv Biomed Res, 2019;8:1.

PMID: 30775343 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_185_18

Changing drug resistance profile in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among HIV patients from 2010-2017: A retrospective study

Swathirajan CR, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P

J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2019 03;16:274-277.

PMID: 30389636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.019

OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important aetiological agent causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. High antibiotic use in nosocomial settings and for immunocompromised conditions results in increasing multidrug resistance. This study analysed the antimicrobial resistance profile of P. aeruginosa isolates in an HIV setting.

METHODS: A total of 7386 clinical specimens were collected from HIV patients attending YRG CARE from 2010-2017. P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens were identified conventionally, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.

RESULTS: A total of 260 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated, with 165 P. aeruginosa (63.5%) being isolated from hospitalised patients. A higher incidence of P. aeruginosa infection (25.8%) was observed in 2017, and most of the P. aeruginosa were isolated from sputum specimens (57.3%). A high level of resistance was noted to ceftazidime (49.6%), followed by ticarcillin (41.5%). Imipenem and meropenem resistance was observed in 15.0% and 16.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A high rate of imipenem resistance was noted in 2016 (46.2%) and a high rate of meropenem resistance was noted in 2017 (20.5%). An increasing resistance rate of P. aeruginosa was observed against aztreonam, cefepime, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin and tobramycin from 2010 to 2017.

CONCLUSION: A constant increase in drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from HIV patients was observed from 2010 to 2017. Findings from this study urge the need for periodical monitoring and surveillance of the P. aeruginosa resistance profile, especially in hospitalised and immunocompromised patients in resource-limited settings.

Fulltext Could Perturbation of Gut Microbiota Possibly Exacerbate the Severity of COVID-19 via Cytokine Storm?

Vignesh R, Swathirajan CR, Tun ZH, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Balakrishnan P

Front Immunol, 2020;11:607734.

PMID: 33569053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607734

Fulltext Do the clonally different Escherichia coli isolates causing different infections in a HIV positive patient affect the selection of antibiotics for their treatment?

Rameshkumar MR, Arunagirinathan N, Swathirajan CR, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P, Solomon SS

Indian J Med Res, 2018 09;148(3):341-344.

PMID: 30425226 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_730_17

Fulltext Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance profile of bloodstream infections in human immunodeficiency virus patients from Southern India

Swathirajan CR, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Pradeep A, Chithra DA, Balakrishnan R, et al.

J Res Med Sci, 2019;24:82.

PMID: 31620181 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_55_19

Fulltext Detection of blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-5 genes among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from human immunodeficiency virus patients in South India

Rameshkumar MR, Arunagirinathan N, Indu P, Swathirajan CR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, et al.

J Res Med Sci, 2018;23:112.

PMID: 30774691 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_627_18

Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing genes in gram-negative bacterial isolates from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Rameshkumar MR, Arunagirinathan N, Senthamilselvan B, Swathirajan CR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, et al.

J Infect Public Health, 2021 Nov 10.

PMID: 34810142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.008

BACKGROUND: Progressive decline of immune response in HIV patients makes them susceptible to frequent bacterial infections. High usage of antibiotics influences the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and worsens the clinical outcomes. In this study, the occurrence of drug-resistant genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from HIV patients in South India was analyzed.

METHODS: A total of 173 Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) isolates from HIV patients were screened for antibiotic susceptibility profile using the Kirby-Bauer diskdiffusion method. Positivity of drug-resistant genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction method.

RESULTS: In this study, 72.8% of bacterial isolates were obtained from urine specimens, and Escherichia coli (47.4%) was the predominantly isolated bacterium. Overall, 87.3% and 83.2% of GNB were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime, respectively, 56.6% were resistant to cephamycin (cefoxitin) and 43% to carbapenem (imipenem) antibiotics. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) production was noted among 79.5% of GNB isolates, followed by AmpC (57.1%) and Metallo β-lactamases (37.3%). Molecular analysis revealed that ESBL genes such as blaTEM (94.1%), blaCTX-M (89.2%), and blaSHV (24.2%) were detected at higher levels among GNB isolates. Carbapenemase-producing genes such as blaOXA-48 (20%), blaOXA-23 (2.6%), and both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 like genes (2.6%) and AmpC producing genes such as blaCIT (26.7%), blaDHA (3.6%), and blaACC (1.8%) were detected at low-level.

CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that ESBL producing genes are detected at high level among gram-negative bacterial isolates from HIV patients in South India.

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