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Evaluation of Microleakage Between Different Post and Core Systems Under Gradual Loading: an In-Vitro Study

Salim NA, Muttlib NAA, Alawi R, Rahman NA, Ariffin Z

Acta Stomatol Croat, 2018 Sep;52(3):218-226.
PMID: 30510297 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/3/5

Objective: This study aimed to compare the difference in marginal dye penetration between everStick, Parapost XP, Parapost fiber white and control groups under gradual loading.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight human maxillary permanent incisors were divided into four groups. Each specimen was endodontically treated with step-back technique and prepared for each post system according to experimental groups, subsequently cemented in the canal. Composite resin cores were built and laboratory fabricated metal crowns were cemented. All specimens except those in the control group were subjected to thermal cycling. All groups were subjected to gradual loading from 0N-50N for 100 cycles. Specimens were sectioned transversely and the depths of dye penetration along the post were measured. Data were entered in SPSS ver. 22 and analyzed using two-way ANOVA test.
Results: There was no significant difference in marginal dye penetration between each group (p-value>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in percentage of marginal dye penetration between all groups (p-value<0.05); post-hoc comparison showed significant difference between Fiber White and Control groups (p-value=0.009).
Conclusion: All the groups showed dye penetration but the percentage was significant only between Parapost Fiber White and the control groups.
Simulating the Optimization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer as a Wrapping Structure on Piping System Using SolidWorks

Letchumanan SM, Tajul Arifin AM, Taib I, Rahim MZ, Nor Salim NA

J Fail Anal Prev, 2021;21(6):2038-2063.
PMID: 38624883 DOI: 10.1007/s11668-021-01287-4

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was designed, simulated, and evaluated as a wrapping material on defected pipe using computational approach. This composite material was considered as a unique wrapping material as it may have the combined characteristics of the constituents or have substantially different properties than the individual constituents. Specifically, this research evaluates the capability of CFRP as a wrapper through SolidWorks Simulation using the static analysis, computational fluid dynamics analysis, and data analysis. This approach gives a preliminary consideration and justification on choosing the optimized lamination orientation of CFRP in real cases based on the simulated data. Various orientations were simulated and analyzed throughout this research. Based on all the simulation analysis, the CFRP wrapper with quasi-isotropic lamination with the 8 plies 45∘/90∘/0∘/45∘s orientation was seen most effective in reducing the stress and possess highest minimum safety factor at the fully defected region (100 × 100 × 7.11 mm thru) after the repair. Eventually, this optimized CFRP lamination orientation, proved that it was able to withstand pressures ranging between 0.86 to 19.6 MPa with a layer thickness in between 0.16 up to 3.76 mm. Based on the static analysis, this optimized laminated orientation of CFRP indeed showed that it was able to reduce the stress on an average of 94.10% after the repair was done. Relatively, CFRP was 0.2% higher in reducing the maximum stress at the defected region at the pipe, than the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer with the same orientation. Additionally, the flow simulation analysis in SolidWorks showed that fluid flow was undisrupted after the repair was done, and the wrapped region was resistant to any fluid leakages.
Fulltext Exploring Critical Components of Physician-Patient Communication: A Qualitative Study of Lay and Professional Perspectives

Mohd Salim NA, Roslan NS, Hod R, Zakaria SF, Adam SK

Healthcare (Basel), 2023 Jan 05;11(2).
PMID: 36673530 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020162

(1) Background: The ability to communicate with patients and their relatives is a crucial skill for a physician. Unfortunately, many physicians and medical students are not well-equipped in this area. Therefore, this study aims to better understand the views on critical components of physician-patient communication to improve their skills. (2) Methods: This qualitative study utilized focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Through a purposive sampling technique, 32 medical students and physicians from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (FMHS UPM) and Universiti Putra Malaysia Teaching Hospital (HPUPM), as well as patients and relatives from government and private hospitals or clinics were recruited. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. (3) Results: Seven themes were identified: professionalism, content of communication, verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal communication skills, environment, and visual communication. Good eye contact, providing treatment plans, and ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality were emphasized by physicians and medical students. In comparison, patients and relatives focused on the prognosis of disease, physician's empathy and advice, and physician's skills in building rapport with their patients and relatives. (4) Conclusion: The critical components that were highlighted by both professionals and laymen in the study should be practiced to ensure effective communication between physician and patient. There were different expectations in terms of the content of information between both groups. Patients and relatives were more interested in the physician's advice regarding their diet, care plans, physical activities, and daily routine. They were also focused on the prognosis of the disease, which indicates how quickly they would get better. Meanwhile, physicians and medical students were concentrating on management and treatment strategies, such as what additional procedures should be considered and what medications might work best for their patients. We also found that the patients and relatives had a lack of awareness on confidentiality issues. These findings provide an insight on the improvement of medical training and patient education to improve patient care. Patients have a right to privacy protection, and physicians should be well trained to carry out all procedures and treatment plans to ensure patients are treated with respect.
Fulltext Author Correction: A multinational study on the factors influencing university students' attitudes and usage of ChatGPT

Abdaljaleel M, Barakat M, Alsanafi M, Salim NA, Abazid H, Malaeb D, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 09;14(1):8281.
PMID: 38594508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59011-9
Fulltext A multinational study on the factors influencing university students' attitudes and usage of ChatGPT

Abdaljaleel M, Barakat M, Alsanafi M, Salim NA, Abazid H, Malaeb D, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 23;14(1):1983.
PMID: 38263214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52549-8

Artificial intelligence models, like ChatGPT, have the potential to revolutionize higher education when implemented properly. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing university students' attitudes and usage of ChatGPT in Arab countries. The survey instrument "TAME-ChatGPT" was administered to 2240 participants from Iraq, Kuwait, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan. Of those, 46.8% heard of ChatGPT, and 52.6% used it before the study. The results indicated that a positive attitude and usage of ChatGPT were determined by factors like ease of use, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, perceived usefulness, behavioral/cognitive influences, low perceived risks, and low anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the "TAME-ChatGPT" constructs. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the attitude towards ChatGPT usage was significantly influenced by country of residence, age, university type, and recent academic performance. This study validated "TAME-ChatGPT" as a useful tool for assessing ChatGPT adoption among university students. The successful integration of ChatGPT in higher education relies on the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, behavioral/cognitive elements, low anxiety, and minimal perceived risks. Policies for ChatGPT adoption in higher education should be tailored to individual contexts, considering the variations in student attitudes observed in this study.
Fulltext Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors

Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Yousef ZM, Alfouzan JS, Alharbi MJ, Alsubaiei MK, et al.

Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother, 2025;13:25151355251324384.
PMID: 40027198 DOI: 10.1177/25151355251324384

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially to hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for the elderly, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the RSV vaccination attitudes to inform public health strategies that can enhance uptake among this vulnerable population.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that could influence the attitudes toward RSV vaccination among senior citizens in Arab countries.
DESIGN: A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted using a survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis to assess attitudes toward the newly approved RSV vaccine.
METHODS: A self-administered online survey was distributed conveniently among senior citizens mainly across five Arab countries. The survey collected data on demographics, vaccination history, and key constructs related to RSV vaccine attitude, including "Fear," "Information," "Accessibility," "Benefits," and "Conspiracy."
RESULTS: A total of 483 participants were included in the study, with the majority from five Arab countries: Jordan (n = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait (n = 74, 15.3%), Egypt (n = 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia (n = 51, 10.6%), and the UAE (n = 23, 4.8%), alongside participants from other Arab nations (n = 28, 5.8%). Among the respondents, 51.1% (n = 247) expressed acceptance of the RSV vaccine, 22.4% (n = 108) were hesitant, and 26.5% (n = 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits (β = 0.484, p