IMPORTANCE: Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) play essential roles in global sulfur and carbon cycling and are critical for bioremediation and anaerobic digestion processes. However, detailed studies on the genotypic and phenotypic responses of SRB under varying pH conditions are limited. This study addresses this gap by examining the pH-dependent genetic and metabolic adaptations of Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20, revealing key mechanisms regulating hydrogenase and ATPase activities, cell division, and extracellular polymeric substance formation. These findings provide new insights into how SRB maintains pH homeostasis, showcasing their ability to survive and function in both acidic and alkaline environments. Furthermore, this study reveals critical genetic and phenotypic characteristics that will directly aid to engineer industrial effluent management systems, bioremediation, and dissolved heavy metal recovery. By elucidating the dynamic response of O. alaskensis G20 to varied pH environments, the research provides a foundation for enhancing the resilience and performance of SRB-based systems, paving the way for improved environmental and industrial applications.
Methods: A survey regarding the practice of EUS in the evaluation of PCLs was drafted by the committee member of the International Society of EUS Task Force (ISEUS-TF). It was disseminated to experts of EUS who were also members of the ISEUS-TF. In some cases, percentage agreement with some statements was calculated; in others, the options with the greatest numbers of responses were summarized.
Results: Fifteen questions were extracted and disseminated among 60 experts for the survey. Fifty-three experts completed the survey within the specified time frame. The average volume of EUS cases at the experts' institutions is 988.5 cases per year.
Conclusion: Despite the limitations of EUS alone in the morphologic diagnosis of PCLs, the results of the survey indicate that EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration is widely expected to become a more valuable method.