Thermally stable titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) doped with erbium ions (Er3+) are characterized by uniformity, low excitation energy, and high surface area. The impregnation methodology was used to enhance the optical properties of TiO2 NPs impregnated with various Er3+ ion contents. The synthesized Er3+/TiO2 samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), metal mapping, UV-Visible spectrum, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Er3+ ions, per our findings, were well-distributed on the TiO2 surface of the anatase phase and there was an insignificant difference in particle size, but there was no change in the particle shapes of the Er3+/TiO2 NPs structure. The maximum band gap degradation occurred with 1.8 wt % of Er3+/TiO2, where the energy gap degraded from 3.13 to 2.63 eV for intrinsic TiO2. The synthesized Er3+/TiO2 samples possess predominantly finely dispersed erbium ion species on the surface. Er3+ ions agglomeration on the surface increased with increasing ions in each sample. We found that 0.6 wt/vol % of Er+3/TiO2 is the best optical coating and produced satisfying results in terms of blocking the transmittance of blue wavelength without reducing the image quality.
This comprehensive review explores the transformative role of nanomaterials in advancing the frontier of hydrogen energy, specifically in the realms of storage, production, and transport. Focusing on key nanomaterials like metallic nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, the article delves into their unique properties. It scrutinizes the application of nanomaterials in hydrogen storage, elucidating both challenges and advantages. The review meticulously evaluates diverse strategies employed to overcome limitations in traditional storage methods and highlights recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-centric hydrogen storage. Additionally, the article investigates the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance hydrogen production, emphasizing their role as efficient nanocatalysts in boosting hydrogen fuel cell efficiency. It provides a comprehensive overview of various nanocatalysts and their potential applications in fuel cells. The exploration extends to the realm of hydrogen transport and delivery, specifically in storage tanks and pipelines, offering insights into the nanomaterials investigated for this purpose and recent advancements in the field. In conclusion, the review underscores the immense potential of nanomaterials in propelling the hydrogen energy frontier. It emphasizes the imperative for continued research aimed at optimizing the properties and performance of existing nanomaterials while advocating for the development of novel nanomaterials with superior attributes for hydrogen storage, production, and transport. This article serves as a roadmap, shedding light on the pivotal role nanomaterials can play in advancing the development of clean and sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.
Many people suffer from myopia or hyperopia due to the refractive errors of the cornea all over the world. The use of high refractive index (RI), Abbe number (νd), and visible light transmittance (T%) polymeric contact lenses (CLs) holds great promise in vision error treatment as an alternative solution to the irreversible laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been suggested as a good candidate to rise the RI and maintain high transparency of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TiO2 nanocomposite. This work includes a preparation of TiO2 NPs using the sol gel method as well as a synthesis of pure PMMA by free radical polarization and PMMA-TiO2 CLs using a cast molding method of 0.005 and 0.01 w/v concentrations and a study of their effect on the aberrated human eye. ZEMAX optical design software was used for eye modeling based on the Liou and Brennan eye model and then the pure and doped CLs were applied. Ocular performance was evaluated by modulation transfer function (MTF), spot diagram, and image simulation. The used criteria show that the best vision correction was obtained by the CL of higher doping content (p < 0.0001) and that the generated spherical and chromatic aberrations in the eye had been reduced.
Using traditional weight-loss tests, as well as different electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), we investigated the corrosion-inhibition performance of 2,2′-(1,4-phenylenebis(methanylylidene)) bis(N-(3-methoxyphenyl) hydrazinecarbothioamide) (PMBMH) as an inhibitor for mild steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. The maximum protection efficacy of 0.0005 M of PMBMH was 95%. Due to the creation of a protective adsorption layer instead of the adsorbed H2O molecules and acidic chloride ions, the existence of the investigated inhibitor reduced the corrosion rate and increased the inhibitory efficacy. The inhibition efficiency increased as the inhibitor concentration increased, but it decreased as the temperature increased. The PMBMH adsorption mode followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with high adsorption-inhibition activity. Furthermore, the value of the ∆Gadso indicated that PMBMH contributed to the physical and chemical adsorption onto the mild-steel surface. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) helped in the calculation of the quantum chemical parameters for finding the correlation between the inhibition activity and the molecular structure. The experimental and theoretical findings in this investigation are in good agreement.