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  1. Fulltext Long-Term Ship Position Prediction Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data and End-to-End Deep Learning
    Ibadurrahman, Hamada K, Wada Y, Nanao J, Watanabe D, Majima T
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Oct 28;21(21).
    PMID: 34770475 DOI: 10.3390/s21217169
    The establishment of maritime safety and security is an important concern. Ship position prediction for maritime situational awareness (MSA), as a critical aspect of maritime safety and security, requires a longer time interval than collision avoidance and maritime traffic monitoring. However, previous studies focused mainly on shorter time-interval predictions ranging from 30 min to 10 h. A longer time-interval ship position prediction is required not only for MSA, but also for efficient allocation of ships by shipping companies in accordance with global freight demand. This study used an end-to-end tracking method that inputs the previous position of a vessel to a trained deep learning model to predict its next position with an average 24-h interval. An AIS dataset with a long-time-interval distribution in a nine-year timespan for capesize bulk carriers worldwide was used. In the first experiment, a deep learning model of the Indian Ocean was examined. Subsequently, the model performance was compared for six different oceans and six primary maritime chokepoints to investigate the influence of each area. In the third experiment, a sample location within the Malacca Strait area was selected, and the number of ships was counted daily. The results indicate that the ship position can be predicted accurately with an average time interval of 24 h using deep learning systems with AIS data.
  2. Fulltext Prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Irekeola AA, Malek NA, Wada Y, Mustaffa N, Muhamad NI, Shueb RH
    PLoS One, 2021;16(5):e0251673.
    PMID: 34014997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251673
    Known for its high genetic diversity and variation in genotypic presence in different regions of the world, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to infect about 71 million people globally. Selection of an appropriate therapeutic regimen largely depends on the identification of the genotype responsible for the infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive view of HCV genotype and subtype distribution in Southeast Asia (SEA). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched five databases without year and language restrictions. Data from 90 eligible studies involving 15,089 genotypes and 9,646 subtypes representing 10 SEA countries were analyzed. The pooled estimates showed that genotype 1 (46.8%) [95% CI, 43.2-50.4; I2 = 92.77%; p < 0.001] was the most dominant HCV genotype in the region, followed by genotype 3 (23.1%) [95% CI, 19.4-27.2; I2 = 93.03%; p < 0.001], genotype 6 (16.5%) [95% CI, 13.8-19.6], genotype 2 (4.6%) [95% CI, 3.5-5.9], genotype 4 (1.1%) [95% CI, 0.7-1.5] and genotype 5 (0.8%) [95% CI, 0.4-1.3]. Philippines had the highest prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2. Genotype 6 became more prevalent after year 2000. Over 40 different subtypes were identified, with subtypes 1b (26.3%), 1a (21.3%), and 3a (14.3%) being the most prevalent of all the reported subtypes. Although on a global scale, genotype 6 is considered highly prevalent in SEA, evidence from this study reveals that it is the third most prevalent genotype within the region.
  3. Fulltext Divergent effects of climate change on future groundwater availability in key mid-latitude aquifers
    Wu WY, Lo MH, Wada Y, Famiglietti JS, Reager JT, Yeh PJ, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2020 07 24;11(1):3710.
    PMID: 32709871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17581-y
    Groundwater provides critical freshwater supply, particularly in dry regions where surface water availability is limited. Climate change impacts on GWS (groundwater storage) could affect the sustainability of freshwater resources. Here, we used a fully-coupled climate model to investigate GWS changes over seven critical aquifers identified as significantly distressed by satellite observations. We assessed the potential climate-driven impacts on GWS changes throughout the 21st century under the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5). Results show that the climate-driven impacts on GWS changes do not necessarily reflect the long-term trend in precipitation; instead, the trend may result from enhancement of evapotranspiration, and reduction in snowmelt, which collectively lead to divergent responses of GWS changes across different aquifers. Finally, we compare the climate-driven and anthropogenic pumping impacts. The reduction in GWS is mainly due to the combined impacts of over-pumping and climate effects; however, the contribution of pumping could easily far exceed the natural replenishment.
  4. Fulltext Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
    Wada Y, Irekeola AA, E A R ENS, Yusof W, Lih Huey L, Ladan Muhammad S, et al.
    Antibiotics (Basel), 2021 Jan 31;10(2).
    PMID: 33572528 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020138
    Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals' zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in companion animals. Databases such as MedLib, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The information was extracted by two independent reviewers and the results were reviewed by a third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. OpenMeta analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) were used for the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used, and publication bias was assessed using the Eggers test and funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analyzed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, but because some studies reported the prevalence of VRE in more than one companion animal, they were considered as individual studies, and 35 studies were therefore added to the final meta-analysis. Sampling period of the included studies was from 1995-2018. Of the 4288 isolates tested in the included studies, 1241 were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE in companion animals was estimated at 14.6% (95% CI; 8.7-23.5%; I2 = 97.10%; p < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (t2 = 2.859; heterogeneity I2 = 97.10% with heterogeneity chi-square (Q) = 1173.346, degrees of freedom (df) = 34, and p < 0.001). The funnel plot showed bias, which was confirmed by Eggers test (t-value = 3.97165; p = 0.00036), and estimates from the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence of VRE in dogs and cats were 18.2% (CI = 9.4-32.5%) and 12.3%, CI = 3.8-33.1%), respectively. More studies were reported in Europe than in any other continent, with most studies using feces as the sample type and disc diffusion as the detection method. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antimicrobials are required in veterinary medicine.
  5. Fulltext Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Patients with Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Irekeola AA, Shueb RH, E A R ENS, Wada Y, Abdul Rahman Z, Ahmad S, et al.
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Apr 14;13(8).
    PMID: 33919987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081886
    For more than 50 years, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been associated with dermatomyositis (DM), a rare idiopathic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the skin and muscles. Although the association between these rare diseases is well-documented, the actual prevalence of NPC in DM patients remains unknown. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched without year or language restrictions for studies reporting the occurrence of NPC in DM patients. The study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO (CRD42021225335). A total of 95 studies covering 303 cases of NPC among 16,010 DM patients was included. Summary estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. The pooled prevalence of NPC in DM was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). When stratified according to study location, higher prevalence estimates were obtained for Hong Kong (36.5%), Malaysia (27.7%), and Singapore (11.9%). There was a predominance of cases among male DM patients compared with females, and most patients were aged 40 and above. Many of the NPC cases were found to be diagnosed after the diagnosis of DM. It is therefore pertinent to screen for NPC in DM patients, especially among older DM patients in the Asian region.
  6. Fulltext A Global Mutational Profile of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 368,316 COVID-19 Patients
    Yusof W, Irekeola AA, Wada Y, Engku Abd Rahman ENS, Ahmed N, Musa N, et al.
    Life (Basel), 2021 Nov 11;11(11).
    PMID: 34833100 DOI: 10.3390/life11111224
    Since its first detection in December 2019, more than 232 million cases of COVID-19, including 4.7 million deaths, have been reported by the WHO. The SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes have evolved rapidly worldwide, causing the emergence of new variants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a global mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 from December 2019 to October 2020. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA), and a study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO. Data from 62 eligible studies involving 368,316 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were analyzed. The mutational data analyzed showed most studies detected mutations in the Spike protein (n = 50), Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (n = 34), ORF1ab gene (n = 29), 5'-UTR (n = 28) and ORF3a (n = 25). Under the random-effects model, pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants was estimated at 95.1% (95% CI; 93.3-96.4%; I2 = 98.952%; p = 0.000) while subgroup meta-analysis by country showed majority of the studies were conducted 'Worldwide' (n = 10), followed by 'Multiple countries' (n = 6) and the USA (n = 5). The estimated prevalence indicated a need to continuously monitor the prevalence of new mutations due to their potential influence on disease severity, transmissibility and vaccine effectiveness.
  7. Fulltext A GNAS Gene Mutation's Independent Expression in the Growth of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Afolabi HA, Salleh SM, Zakaria Z, Ch'ng ES, Mohd Nafi SN, Abdul Aziz AAB, et al.
    Cancers (Basel), 2022 Nov 08;14(22).
    PMID: 36428574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225480
    Globally, colorectal carcinoma CRC is the third most common cancer and the third most common reason for cancer-associated mortality in both genders. The GNAS mutations are significantly linked with poor prognosis and failed treatment outcomes in CRC. A systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple studies executed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria and registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021256452). The initial search includes a total of 271 publications; however, only 30 studies that merit the eligibility criteria were eventually chosen. Data analysis via OpenMeta Analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis 3.0 (CMA 3.0) software were used to investigate the prevalence of GNAS gene mutation among CRC patients. The meta-analysis consisted of 10,689 participants with most being males 6068/10,689 (56.8%). Overall, prevalence of GNAS mutations was 4.8% (95% CI: 3.1−7.3) with I2 = 94.39% and (p < 0.001). In 11/30 studies, the frequency of GNAS gene mutations was majorly in codons R201C [40.7% (95% CI: 29.2−53.2%)] and in codon R201H [39.7% (95% CI = 27.1−53.8)]. Overall prevalence of GNAS mutations was highest among the male gender: 53.9% (95% CI: 48.2−59.5%: I2 = 94.00%, (p < 0.001), tumour location (colon): 50.5% (95% CI: 33.2−67.6%: I2 = 97.93%, (p < 0.001), tumour grade (Well): 57.5% (95% CI: 32.4−79.2%: I2 = 98.10%, (p < 0.001) and tumour late stage: 67.9% (95% CI: 49.7−84.3%: I2 = 98.%, (p < 0.001). When stratified according to study location, a higher prevalence was observed in Japan (26.8%) while Italy has the lowest (0.4%). Overall prevalence of GNAS gene mutations was 4.8% with codons R201C and R201H being the most mutated, and the results conformed with numerous published studies on GNAS mutation.
  8. Fulltext The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study
    Afolabi H, Salleh SM, Zakaria Z, Ch'ng ES, Mohd Nafi SN, Abdul Aziz AAB, et al.
    Healthcare (Basel), 2022 Sep 05;10(9).
    PMID: 36141305 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091693
    Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is rising exponentially in Asia, representing 11% of cancer worldwide. This study analysed the influence of CRC on patients’ life expectancy (survival and prognosis factors) via clinicopathology data and comorbidity status of CRC patients. Methodology: A retrospective study performed in HUSM using clinical data from the Surgery unit from 2015 to 2020. The demographic and pertinent clinical data were retrieved for preliminary analyses (data cleansing and exploration). Demographics and pathological characteristics were illustrated using descriptive analysis; 5-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan−Meier methods; potential prognostic variables were analysed using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted via the Cox proportional hazards model, while the Charlson Comorbidity Scale was used to categorize patients’ disease status. Results: Of a total of 114 CRC patients, two-thirds (89.5%) were from Malay tribes, while Indian and Chinese had 5.3% each. The 50−69.9 years were the most affected group (45.6%). Overall, 40.4% were smokers (majorly male (95.7%)), 14.0% ex-smokers, and 45.6% non-smokers (p-value = 0.001). The Kaplan−Meier overall 5-year median survival time was 62.5%. From the outcomes, patients who were male and >70 years had metastasis present, who presented with per rectal bleeding and were classified as Duke C; and who has tumour in the rectum had the lowest survival rate. Regarding the prognosis factors investigated, “Gender” (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 2.62; 95% CI: 1.56−7.81, p-value = 0.040), “Presence of metastases” (HR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.89−7.32, p-value = 0.010), “Metastasis site: Liver” (HR: 5.04; 95% CI: 1.71−19.05, p-value = 0.039), “Lymphovascular permeation” (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.99−5.92, p-value = 0.021), and “CEA-level” (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.49−5.80, p-value = 0.001) remained significant in the final model for multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. There was a significant mean association between tumour grades and the patient’s comorbidity status. Conclusions: Histopathological factors (gender, metastases presence, site of metastases, CEA level, and lymphovascular permeation) showed the best prognosis-predicting factors in CRC.
  9. Fulltext Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cellular Proteins Implicated in Diabesity
    Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Azemi AK, Yunusa I, Shehu A, Mustapha L, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021;2021:8830880.
    PMID: 33995826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830880
    The role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has evolved from protein synthesis, processing, and other secretory pathways to forming a foundation for lipid biosynthesis and other metabolic functions. Maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for normal cellular function and survival. An imbalance in the ER implied stressful conditions such as metabolic distress, which activates a protective process called unfolded protein response (UPR). This response is activated through some canonical branches of ER stress, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Therefore, chronic hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and free fatty acids (FFAs) found in diabesity (a pathophysiological link between obesity and diabetes) could lead to ER stress. However, limited data exist regarding ER stress and its association with diabesity, particularly the implicated proteins and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review highlights the role of ER stress in relation to some proteins involved in diabesity pathogenesis and provides insight into possible pathways that could serve as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
  10. Fulltext Psychophysiological Adaptations to Exercise Training in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
    Al-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Hofmeister M, Drenowatz C, Ghazali WSW, Badicu G, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2024;2024:3325321.
    PMID: 38726292 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3325321
    INTRODUCTION: Many COVID-19 patients display adverse symptoms, such as reduced physical ability, poor quality of life, and impaired pulmonary function. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of physical exercise on various psychophysiological indicators among COVID-19 patients who may be at any stage of their illness (i.e., critically ill, hospitalized, postdischarge, and recovering).

    METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2021. Twenty-seven studies, which assessed a total of 1525 patients, were included and analysed.

    RESULTS: Overall, data revealed significant improvements in the following parameters: physical function, dyspnoea, pulmonary function, quality of life (QOL), lower limb endurance and strength, anxiety, depression, physical activity level, muscle strength, oxygen saturation, fatigue, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lymphocyte, leukocytes, and a fibrin degradation product (D-dimer).

    CONCLUSIONS: Physical training turns out to be an effective therapy that minimises the severity of COVID-19 in the intervention group compared to the standard treatment. Therefore, physical training could be incorporated into conventional treatment of COVID-19 patients. More randomized controlled studies with follow-up evaluations are required to evaluate the long-term advantages of physical training. Future research is essential to establish the optimal exercise intensity level and assess the musculoskeletal fitness of recovered COVID-19 patients. This trial is registered with CRD42021283087.

  11. Status of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in species of wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Wada Y, Ibrahim AB, Umar YA, Afolabi HA, Wada M, Alissa M, et al.
    J Infect Public Health, 2024 Apr 10;17(6):1023-1036.
    PMID: 38657438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.004
    Wild birds could be a reservoir of medically relevant microorganisms, particularly multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. Resistant bacteria's epidemiology and transmission between animals and humans has grown, and their zoonotic potential cannot be ignored. This is the first study to evaluate the status of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in various wild bird species using meta-analysis and a systematic review. In this study, the pooled prevalence was obtained by analyzing data from published articles on the occurrence of VRE in wild bird species. It's unclear how the antibiotic resistance gene transfer cycle affects wild birds. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to conduct the research. The data and study methodology was assessed and extracted by two reviewers independently, with a third reviewing the results. Heterogeneity between study and publication bias were analyzed using the random effect model. Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. 382 out of the 4144 isolates tested, were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE among wild birds was estimated at 11.0% (95% CI; 6.9 -17.2%; I2 = 93.204%; P 
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