In this paper, we proposed a new readout circuit in order to improve measurement output while reading the grouped resistive value in matrix array form. The purpose of having this circuit is to overcome the main problem in applying piezoresistive pressure sensor array for foot plantar application. This new approach is called Nodal Array Approach (NAA), a modified version of Wheatstone Bridge Circuit based on nodal analysis technique using Kirchcoff Current Law. The NAA calculates the sensors’ resistance values by solving simultaneous equations from reading voltages of the proposed readout circuit. Therefore, it is found that the readout circuit connection is of low complexity as it only uses resistive element as the major component of reading technique with only four iterations involved for each voltage nodes. Through simulation results, it shows that NAA is able to achieve high accuracy in obtaining a sensor’s resistance value by adhering to several limitations in order to avoid miscalculation (< 5% average calculation error).
An 18-year-old Malay lady was treated with high dose steroids for three and a half years for idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura. At 21 years, after a series of relapses, a splenectomy was carried out. In addition, two nodules at the hilum of the spleen were also removed. Histological examination of these nodules revealed features of Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma resulting from immunosuppression by corticosteroids is rare. Our patient is the first such case reported in Malaysia.
Blunt trauma to the pancreas is not common. The pancreatic injury can range from simple bruising to complete transection often associated with other visceral injuries. Pseudocyst of the pancreas is a late complication presenting usually within six weeks of the injury. The treatment of choice is distal pancreatectomy.
Perforated appendix is a serious surgical condition that carries a high morbidity. Antibiotic treatment is often started before the availability of bacteriological reports. The choice of antibiotics would depend on the bacteriology associated with perforated appendix. In a retrospective survey of the bacteriology of peritoneal pus obtained from cases of perforated appendix at the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, E. coli was found to be the most commonly encountered organism. This was followed in order of decreasing frequency by streptococci, Bacteroides species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter group and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the results of the antibiotic sensitivities an antibiotic regimen comprising of a combination of gentamicin, metronidazole and penicillin is recommended as appropriate chemotherapy in perforated appendix.
We present a simulation study on negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) induced hole trapping in E' center defects, which leads to depassivation of interface trap precursor in different geometrical structures of high-k PMOSFET gate stacks using the two-stage NBTI model. The resulting degradation is characterized based on the time evolution of the interface and hole trap densities, as well as the resulting threshold voltage shift. By varying the physical thicknesses of the interface silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) layers, we investigate how the variation in thickness affects hole trapping/detrapping at different stress temperatures. The results suggest that the degradations are highly dependent on the physical gate stack parameters for a given stress voltage and temperature. The degradation is more pronounced by 5% when the thicknesses of HfO2 are increased but is reduced by 11% when the SiO2 interface layer thickness is increased during lower stress voltage. However, at higher stress voltage, greater degradation is observed for a thicker SiO2 interface layer. In addition, the existence of different stress temperatures at which the degradation behavior differs implies that the hole trapping/detrapping event is thermally activated.
Over the six-veer periodfrom. 1976 to 1981, there were 241 neonates referred to the U.K.M. Paediatric Surgical Unit, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur for alimentary tract obstruction and 207 were operated on. The three commonest conditions were anorectal anomalies (91 cases), Hirschsprung's disease (31 cases) and oesophageal atresia (30 cases). Overall operatioe mortality was 28.0 percent. This was high when preoperative complications lihe gut perforation (88.9 percent) or pneumonia (61.9 percent) and associated severe anomalies (90.9 percent) or chromosomal abnormalities (66.7 percent) were present. Emphasis is placed on the establishment of early diagnosis and the significance of the green vomit and maternal hydramnios is highlighted, The need is felt for more specialised nurses and the creation of a separate neonatal ICU in this hospital.
Nanostructured products are an actively growing area for food research, but there is little information on the sustainability of processes used to make these products. In this Review, we advocate for selection of sustainable process technologies during initial stages of laboratory-scale developments of nanofoods. We show that selection is assisted by predictive sustainability assessment(s) based on conventional technologies, including exploratory ex ante and "anticipatory" life-cycle assessment. We demonstrate that sustainability assessments for conventional food process technologies can be leveraged to design nanofood process concepts and technologies. We critically review emerging nanostructured food products including encapsulated bioactive molecules and processes used to structure these foods at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. We apply a rational method via learning lessons from sustainability of unit operations in conventional food processing and critically apportioned lessons between emerging and conventional approaches. We conclude that this method provides a quantitative means to incorporate sustainability during process design for nanostructured foods. Findings will be of interest and benefit to a range of food researchers, engineers, and manufacturers of process equipment.