The use of hybrid nanoparticles to increase heat transfer is a favorable area of research, and therefore, numerous scientists, researchers, and scholars have expressed their appreciation for and interest in this field. Determining the dynamic role of nanofluids in the cooling of microscopic electronic gadgets, such as microchips and related devices, is also one of the fundamental tasks. With such interesting and useful applications of hybrid nanofluids in mind, the main objective is to deal with the analysis of the unsteady flow towards a shrinking sheet in a water-based hybrid ferrite nanoparticle in porous media, with heat sink/source effects. Moreover, the impact of these parameters on heat and mass transfers is also reported. Numerical results are obtained using MATLAB software. Non-unique solutions are determined for a certain shrinking strength, in addition to the unsteadiness parameter. The mass transfer and friction factor increase for the first solution due to the hybrid nanoparticles, but the heat transfer rate shows the opposite effect.
This communication elaborates the irreversibility analysis of the flow of Prandtl nanofluid along with thermal radiation past a permeable stretched surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium. The activation and chemical impressions along with effects of thermophoretic and Brownian motion are as well examined. The flow symmetry of the problem is modeled mathematically and leading equations are rehabilitated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the assistance of suitable similarity variables. The Keller-box technique in MATLAB is employed to draw the impacts of the contributing elements on the velocity field, temperature distribution, and concentration. The impact of the Prandtl fluid parameter has mounting performance for the velocity whereas conflicting behavior is examined in the temperature profile. The achieved numerical results are matched correspondingly with the present symmetrical solutions in restrictive cases and fantastic agreement is scrutinized. In addition, the entropy generation uplifts for the growing values of the Prandtl fluid parameter, thermal radiation, and Brinkman number and decreases for growing numbers of the inertia coefficient parameter. It is also discovered that the coefficient of friction decreases for all parameters involved in the momentum equation. Features of nanofluids can be found in a variety of real-world fields, including microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine.
Cooling and heating are two critical processes in the transportation and manufacturing industries. Fluid solutions containing metal nanoparticles have higher thermal conductivity than conventional fluids, allowing for more effective cooling. Thus, the current paper is a comparative exploration of the time-independent buoyancy opposing and heat transfer flow of alumina nanoparticles scattered in water as a regular fluid induced via a vertical cylinder with mutual effect of stagnation-point and radiation. Based on some reasonable assumptions, the model of nonlinear equations is developed and then tackled numerically employing the built-in bvp4c MATLAB solver. The impacts of assorted control parameters on gradients are investigated. The outcomes divulge that the aspect of friction factor and heat transport upsurge by incorporating alumina nanoparticles. The involvement of the radiation parameter shows an increasing tendency in the heat transfer rate, resulting in an enhancement in thermal flow efficacy. In addition, the temperature distribution uplifts due to radiation and curvature parameters. It is discerned that the branch of dual outcomes exists in the opposing flow case. Moreover, for higher values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, the reduced shear stress and the reduced heat transfer rate increased respectively by almost 1.30% and 0.0031% for the solution of the first branch, while nearly 1.24%, and 3.13% for the lower branch solution.
The customization of hybrid nanofluids to achieve a particular and controlled growth rate of thermal transport is done to meet the needs of applications in heating and cooling systems, aerospace and automotive industries, etc. Due to the extensive applications, the aim of the current paper is to derive a numerical solution to a wall jet flow problem through a stretching surface. To study the flow problem, authors have considered a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid with water and CoFe2O4and TiO2nanoparticles. Furthermore, the impact of a magnetic field and irregular heat sink/source are studied. To comply with the applications of the wall jet flow, the authors have presented the numerical solution for two cases; with and without a magnetic field. The numerical solution is derived with a similarity transformation and MATLAB-based bvp4c solver. The value of skin friction for wall jet flow at the surface decreases by more than 50% when the magnetic fieldMA=0.2is present. The stream function value is higher for the wall jet flow without the magnetic field. The temperature of the flow rises with the dominant strength of the heat source parameters. The results of this investigation will be beneficial to various applications that utilize the applications of a wall jet, such as in car defrosters, spray paint drying for vehicles or houses, cooling structures for the CPU of high-processor laptops, sluice gate flows, and cooling jets over turbo-machinery components, etc.
This research compares the momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion and entropy generation of two shear thinning nanofluids in an angled micro-channel with mixed convection, nonlinear thermal radiation, temperature jump boundary condition and variable thermal conductivity effects. The [Formula: see text] approach was used to solve the Buongiorno nonlinear governing model. The effect of different parameters on the flow, energy, concentration, and entropy generating fields have been graphically illustrated and explained. The hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid has a better velocity than the Williamson nanofluid. The Williamson nanofluid has higher thermal energy and concentration than the hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid in the microchannel. The Grashof number, both thermal and solutal, increases the fluid flow rate throughout the flow system. The energy of the nanoliquid is reduced by the temperature jump condition, while the energy field of the nanoliquid is enhanced by the improving thermal conductivity value. The nanoliquids concentration rises as the Schmitt number rises. The irreversibility rate of the channel system is maximized by the variable thermal conductivity parameter.
The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.