Studies have found the association between hypercholesterolemia with oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis has become one of the leading causes of mortality among industrial countries due to abnormal cholesterol metabolism, inflammation of arterial wall and build-up of atherosclerotic plaque. This disease has been recently linked with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a mitochondrial compound with antioxidative effects in water- and fat-soluble mediums, in both oxidized and reduced forms: lipoic acid (LA) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), respectively. This article provides a comprehensive review of the development and progression of atherosclerosis and the roles and regulations of ALA as a potent antioxidant against atherosclerosis.
Dalam kajian ini, keupayaan Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin untuk mengurangkan metabolisme kolesterol pada sel kanser hepatoma manusia (Hep G2) telah ditentukan. Penilaian sitotoksik Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin telah dilakukan dengan mendedahkan Hep G2 kepada Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin pada kepekatan antara 7.8 sehingga 1000 ,uglmL selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C dan 5% atmosfera CO2. Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin masing-masing mempunyai kepekatan perencat 20 (IC2) 7 .8, 125 dan 1000 liglmL. Keupayaan mengurangkan metabolisme kolesterol oleh Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin pada Hep G2 telah diuji dengan penyemaian Hep G2 dalam plat 6-telaga. Kumpulan rawatan Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin telah dirawat dengan kepekatan 7 .8, 31 25 dan 62.5 ,uglmL masing-masing dan didedah dengan lipoprotein ketumpatan rendah (LW sebanyak 10 ,uL. Dalam kumpulan kawalan normal (NC), Hep G2 telah dieram dengan media kultur sahaja. Sel diinkubasikan dan media telah diambil untuk analisis Apo Al , LCAT, LDLR dan FDFT1 dengan menggunakan kit. Rutin didapati mampu merendahkan aktiviti HMGR secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kawalan normal. Apigenin dan Berberin mampu meningkatkan kepekatan APO Al . Ketiga - tiga sampel mampu meningkatkan kepekatan LCAT pada sel yang dirawat. Selain itu, Apigenin mampu meningkatkan kepekatan LDLR. Keputusan ujian untuk FDFT1 menunjukkan Berberin dan Rutin merendahkan kepekatan FDFT1 dan berbeza secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kawalan normal. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa Apigenin, Berberin dan Rutin mempunyai potensi dalam mengurangkan metabolisme kolesterol dalam sel Hep G2.
Centella asiatica is one of the traditional herbs consumed by many communities due to its wide range of applications such as treating Parkinsonism, promoting memory enhancement, and preventing oxidative stress. This study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective potential of aqueous C. asiatica extract (CAE) against neurodegeneration induced by chronic stress. Administration of CAE at three different dosages (200 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/ kg/day and 800 mg/kg/day) was conducted for a period of 21 days along with exposure to chronic stress using restrainer and forced swimming regimes. The administration of CAE significantly improved the thickness of dentate gyrus and reduced the amount of neuronal cell death at dentate gyrus and CA3 (p
Endothelial cell death due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to the initial endothelial injury, which promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation. Piper sarmentosum (PS), a natural product, has been shown to have an antioxidant property, which is hypothesized to inhibit production of ROS and prevent cell injury. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the effects of PS on the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative cell damage in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this experiment, HUVECs were obtained by collagenase perfusion of the large vein in the umbilical cord and cultured in medium M200 supplemented with low serum growth supplementation (LSGS). HUVECs were treated with various concentrations of H(2)O(2) (0-1000 micromol/L) and it was observed that 180 micromol/L H(2)O(2) reduced cell viability by 50% as denoted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Using the above concentration as the positive control, the H(2)O(2)-induced HUVECs were concomitantly treated with various concentrations (100, 150, 250 and 300 microg/ml) of three different extracts (aqueous, methanol and hexane) of PS. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in HUVECs compared to the negative control. However, PS extracts showed a protective effect on HUVECs from H(2)O(2)-induced cell apoptosis with a significant reduction in MDA, SOD, CAT and GPX levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, PS had exhibited ferric reducing antioxidant power with its high phenolic content. Hence, it was concluded that PS plays a beneficial role in reducing oxidative stress in H(2)O(2)-induced HUVECs.