MyMedR

Increased frequency of late-senescent T cells lacking CD127 in chronic hepatitis C disease

Barathan M, Mohamed R, Saeidi A, Vadivelu J, Chang LY, Gopal K, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest, 2015 May;45(5):466-74.

PMID: 25721991 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12429

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes persistent disease in ~85% of infected individuals, where the viral replication appears to be tightly controlled by HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. Accumulation of senescent T cells during infection results in considerable loss of functional HCV-specific immune responses.

High-fat diet- and angiotensin II-induced aneurysm concurrently elicits splenic hypertrophy

Gopal K, Nagarajan P, Shankar EM, Kamarul T, Kumar JM

Eur J Clin Invest, 2014 Dec;44(12):1169-76.

PMID: 25315426 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12351

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and high-fat diet are implicated in causing pathological changes in the vascular endothelium, brain, kidney and liver. The association of aneurysm leading to histopathological changes in the splenic compartment remains elusive. Further, the salubrious credentials of antioxidants, especially α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the resolution of splenic pathology have not been investigated.

Renal impairment and all-cause mortality in cardiovascular disease: effect modification by type 2 diabetes mellitus

Selvarajah S, Uiterwaal CS, Haniff J, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Bots ML, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest, 2013 Feb;43(2):198-207.

PMID: 23301500 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12035

BACKGROUND:
Renal impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are well-known independent risk factors for mortality. The evidence of their combined effects on mortality is unclear, but of importance because it may determine aggressiveness of treatment. This study sought to assess and quantify the effect modification of diabetes on renal impairment in its association with mortality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Patients with cardiovascular disease or at high risk, recruited in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease cohort study, were selected. A total of 7135 patients were enrolled with 33 198 person-years of follow-up. Renal impairment was defined by albuminuria status and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Outcome was all-cause mortality.

RESULTS:
Mortality increased progressively with each stage of renal impairment, for both albuminuria status and eGFR, for diabetics and non-diabetics. There was no effect modification by diabetes on mortality risk due to renal impairment. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for DM and microalbuminuria was 0·21 (-0·11, 0·52), for overt proteinuria -1·12 (-2·83, 0·59) and for end-stage renal failure (ESRF) 0·32 (-3·65, 4·29). The RERI for DM with eGFR of 60-89 mL/min/1·73 m(2) was -0·31(-0·92, 0·32), for eGFR of 30-59 mL/min/1·73 m(2) -0·07 (-0·76, 0·62) and for eGFR of < 30 mL/min/1·73 m(2) 0·38 (-0·85, 1·61).

CONCLUSIONS:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus does not modify nor increase the risk relation between all-cause mortality and renal impairment. These findings suggest that the hallmark for survival is the prevention and delay in progression of renal impairment in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Increased body mass index is associated with sarcopenia and related outcomes

Hashim NNA, Mat S, Myint PK, Kioh SH, Delibegovic M, Chin AV, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest, 2023 Feb;53(2):e13874.

PMID: 36120810 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13874

Effect of dental pulp stem cells in MPTP-induced old-aged mice model

Gnanasegaran N, Govindasamy V, Simon C, Gan QF, Vincent-Chong VK, Mani V, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest, 2017 Mar 30.

PMID: 28369799 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12753

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and represented as a huge threat to the geriatric population. Cell replacement therapies (CRTs) have been proposed as a promising strategy to slow down or replace neuronal loss. Among the widely available cell sources, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) portray as an attractive source primarily due to their neural crest origin, ease of tissue procurement and less ethical hurdles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We first demonstrated the in vitro differentiation ability of DPSCs towards DA-ergic-like cells before evaluating their neuro-protection/neuro-restoration capacities in MPTP-induced mice. Transplantation via intrathecal was performed with behavioural assessments being evaluated every fortnight. Subsequent analysis investigating their immuno-modulatory behaviour was conducted using neuronal and microglial cell lines.

RESULTS: It was apparent that the behavioural parameters began to improve corresponding to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine decarboxylase (AADC) immunostaining in SN and striatum as early as 8-week post-transplantation (P < 0·05). About 60% restoration of DA-ergic neurons was observed at SN in MPTP-treated mice after 12-week post-transplantation. Similarly, their ability to reduce toxic effects of MPTP (DNA damages, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide release) and regulate cytokine levels was distinctly noted (P < 0·05) upon exposure in in vitro model.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that DPSCs may provide a therapeutic benefit in the old-aged PD mice model and may be explored in stem cell-based CRTs especially in geriatric population as an attempt towards 'personalized medicine'.

Peripheral loss of CD8(+) CD161(++) TCRVα7·2(+) mucosal-associated invariant T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients

Barathan M, Mohamed R, Vadivelu J, Chang LY, Saeidi A, Yong YK, et al.

Eur J Clin Invest, 2016 Feb;46(2):170-80.

PMID: 26681320 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12581

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in innate host defence. MAIT cells appear to undergo exhaustion and are functionally weakened in chronic viral infections. However, their role in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear.

The Novel Chinese Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections: challenges for fighting the storm

Bassetti M, Vena A, Roberto Giacobbe D

Eur J Clin Invest, 2020 Jan 31.

PMID: 32003000 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13209

Since end of December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown origin was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province, China. They shared a connection with the Huanan South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, and now it has been confirmed that the disease is caused by a novel coronavirus (provisionally named 2019-nCoV). As of today (30 January 2020), 7734 cases have been confirmed in China, and 90 cases have also been cumulatively reported from Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Japan, Singapore, Republic of Korea, United Arab Emirate, United States, The Philippines, India, Australia, Canada, Finland, France, and Germany (Finland, France and Germany are the only European countries in which cases [n= 1, n = 5, and n = 4, respectively] have been reported up to date). According to the released news, the case rate fatality is 2.2% (170/7824).

The association of antihypertensives with postural blood pressure and falls among seniors residing in the community: a case-control study

Zia A, Kamaruzzaman SB, Myint PK, Tan MP

Eur J Clin Invest, 2015 Oct;45(10):1069-76.

PMID: 26214159 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12508

A drop in postural blood pressure (BP) may contribute to falls, while antihypertensives have been considered to induce postural drop or orthostatic hypotension (OH) and falls among older people. However, this relationship between antihypertensives, postural BP and the risk of falls has never been evaluated in a single study.

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