MyMedR

[Malaysia: loser in the fight against AIDS]

J Sykepleien, 1994 Feb 15;82(3):36.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Fulltext Comparison of HIV antibody profiles in intravenous drug users and individuals infected by the sexual route

Subramaniam S, Balasubramaniam V, Sinniah M, Thayan R, Lim LY

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Dec;15(2):143-6.

HIV-1 antibody patterns in two groups, those infected by the intravenous route (IV drug users) and those infected by the sexual route (prostitutes, male homosexuals and sexually transmitted disease patients) were compared using the Western blot technique. A total of 160 cases were studied. The intravenous drug user (IVDU) group appeared to respond to fewer antibody markers than the sexually infected group, the difference being significant for markers p31, p51, p55, p66, gp41 and gp120. Furthermore, a higher proportion (63%) of the sexually infected group carried antibodies to all Western blot markers as compared to the IVDU group (49%).

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*

The HIV/AIDS epidemic country paper: Malaysia

Huang M, Hussein H

AIDS Educ Prev, 2004 Jun;16(3 Suppl A):100-9.

PMID: 15262569

Since the first case of HIV/AIDS was identified in 1986 in Malaysia, the number of infected individuals has increased steadily each year, so that by the end of 2002 the cumulative number of people living with HIV/AIDS was 57,835 (51,256 with HIV and 6,579 with AIDS), with 5,676 AIDS deaths. The epidemic in Malaysia, currently in a concentrated epidemic stage, is primarily fueled by drug use, but there is ample evidence that heterosexual transmission has increased over the last few years. A strategic plan that includes prevention, care, support, and treatment run by both the government and nongovernmental organizations has been in place since the beginning of the epidemic. However, Malaysia will need to take a more pragmatic approach to reduce new infections (which numbered 19 each day in 2002) among the youth on whom the country relies for development. Leaders need to recognize that HIV/AIDS is not just a health issue, but also a socioeconomic concern that can eliminate all the developmental gains achieved over the years. Working together, Malaysians can overcome the epidemic, but there is a need to act quickly and to act in effective ways so that the devastating effects (already evident in the number of AIDS orphans and widows) can be reduced.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in the Asia-Pacific region

Dore GJ, Kaldor JM, Ungchusak K, Mertens TE

Med J Aust, 1996 Nov 4;165(9):494-8.

PMID: 8937371

The incidence of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific will soon pass that in Africa and is projected to increase into the next century. The AIDS epidemic arising from these infections will have enormous consequences for the health and socioeconomic development of a region encompassing more than half the world's population.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*

Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1: an example of Asia

Chen MY, Lee CN

Adv Pharmacol, 2000;49:417-36.

PMID: 11013770

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Migration and AIDS

Wolffers I, Fernandez I

Lancet, 1995 Nov 11;346(8985):1303.

PMID: 7475751

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*

Fulltext Projection of human immunodeficiency virus among high-risk groups in Malaysia

Mondal MN, Shitan M

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2013;66(5):421-4.

PMID: 24047742

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents a serious healthcare threat to young individuals in Malaysia and worldwide. This study aimed to identify trends in HIV-related risk behaviors among recognized high-risk groups and to estimate HIV transmission up to the year 2015. Data and necessary information were obtained from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, published reports from the World Health Organization and United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, and other articles. The Estimation and Projection Package was used to estimate HIV transmission. The results of the present study revealed that within the high-risk groups, intravenous drug users (IDUs) had the highest prevalence rate of HIV transmission, followed by patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), female sex workers (SWs), and men who have sex with men (MSM). Within these at-risk populations, patients with STIs have the highest prevalence of HIV, followed by IDUs, MSM, and SWs. If the transmission rate continues to increase, the situation will worsen; therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive prevention program to control HIV transmission in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*

Fulltext Dilated common bile duct in opium addicts with and without biliary symptoms --implication for research in AIDS cholangiopathy

Chuah SY, Leong CK, Pang CW

Singapore Med J, 2003 May;44(5):261-7.

PMID: 13677363

Opium addicts (OA) with no biliary symptoms have been shown to have dilated common bile duct (CBD). Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) without biliary drainage in such asymptomatic OA is hazardous. Hence it is not indicated unless there are clear clinical and laboratory evidences of biliary stasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Wong LP, Chin CK, Low WY, Jaafar N

Medscape J Med, 2008 Jun 24;10(6):148.

PMID: 18679535

PURPOSE: HIV/AIDS poses a serious threat to young people, both in Malaysia and throughout the world. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HIV/AIDS among the Malaysian public. This article reports the findings of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young adults.

METHODS: A total of 1075 young adult respondents aged 15-24 years participated in this survey. The response rate was 82.2%.

RESULTS: The data indicated that HIV/AIDS knowledge among the respondents was moderate, with a mean knowledge score of 20.1 out of 32 points. The great majority had adequate knowledge of the major routes of HIV transmission, but fewer were aware of other modes of transmission, such as tattooing and piercing, sharing personal items, and breast-feeding from an infected mother. The great majority knew that HIV is not transmitted by mosquito bites, sharing meals, casual contact, and using public swimming pools and toilets.

CONCLUSIONS: Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS exist although generally knowledge on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention was accurate. Education and intervention programs are needed to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS. The findings have important implications for the development of primary HIV/AIDS prevention programs for young adults in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS

Ahmed SI, Hassali MA, Aziz NA

Am J Pharm Educ, 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15.

PMID: 19513153

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05.

RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%).

CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Malaysia and harm reduction: the challenges and responses

Reid G, Kamarulzaman A, Sran SK

Int J Drug Policy, 2007 Mar;18(2):136-40.

PMID: 17689356

In Malaysia the response to illicit drug use has been largely punitive with the current goal of the Malaysian government being to achieve a drug-free society by 2015. This paper outlines the results of a desk-based situation assessment conducted over a 3-week period in 2004. Additional events, examined in 2005, were also included to describe more recent policy developments and examine how these came about. Despite punitive drug policy there has been a substantial rise in the number of drug users in the country. Over two-thirds of HIV/AIDS cases are among injecting drug users (IDUs) and there has been an exponential rise in the number of cases reported. Further, data suggest high risk drug use practices are widespread. Harm reduction initiatives have only recently been introduced in Malaysia. The successful piloting of substitution therapies, in particular methadone and buprenorphine, is cause for genuine hope for the rapid development of such interventions. In 2005 the government announced it will allow methadone maintenance programmes to operate beyond the pilot phase and needle and syringe exchange programmes will be established to serve the needs of IDUs.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

Sexually transmitted disease (STD) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in South East Asia

Ismail R

Clin Dermatol, 1999 5 20;17(2):127-35; discussion 105-6.

PMID: 10330595 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-081x(99)00005-x

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission

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