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Expert panel consensus recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring in Asia: the Hope Asia Network

Park S, Buranakitjaroen P, Chen CH, Chia YC, Divinagracia R, Hoshide S, et al.

J Hum Hypertens, 2018 Apr;32(4):249-258.
PMID: 29386668 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0025-y

Hypertension is the leading cause of mortality throughout Asia. Home blood pressure monitoring has the potential to improve hypertension control and is a useful adjunct to conventional office blood pressure measurements due to its diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular outcomes. At present, there are no region-specific guidelines addressing the use of home blood pressure monitoring in Asia. Therefore, an expert panel was convened to address the use of home blood pressure monitoring and develop key recommendations to help guide clinical practice throughout the Asia region. The resulting recommendations support the use of home blood pressure monitoring with a validated device as an accurate adjunct for diagnosing hypertension and predicting cardiovascular outcome. Diagnosis and treatment of hypertension should still be guided by conventional office/clinic blood pressure measurements. The expert panel encourages the incorporation of home blood pressure monitoring into local clinical guidelines and offers practical recommendations to ensure continuity of care where a validated home blood pressure device is not available.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext Office blood pressure measurement: A comprehensive review

Siddique S, Hameed Khan A, Shahab H, Zhang YQ, Chin Tay J, Buranakitjaroen P, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):440-449.
PMID: 33420745 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14169

The conventional auscultatory methods for measuring blood pressure have been used to screen, diagnose, and manage hypertension since long. However, these have been found to be prone to errors especially the white coat phenomena which cause falsely high blood pressure readings. The Mercury sphygmomanometer and the Aneroid variety are no longer recommended by WHO for varying reasons. The Oscillometric devices are now recommended with preference for the Automated Office Blood Pressure measurement device which was found to have readings nearest to the Awake Ambulatory Blood Pressure readings. The downside for this device is the cost barrier. The alternative is to use the simple oscillometric device, which is much cheaper, with the rest and isolation criteria of the SPRINT study. This too may be difficult due to space constraints and the post-clinic blood measurement is a new concept worth further exploration.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext 2020 Consensus summary on the management of hypertension in Asia from the HOPE Asia Network

Kario K, Park S, Chia YC, Sukonthasarn A, Turana Y, Shin J, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 03;22(3):351-362.
PMID: 31816164 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13751

Hypertension professionals from Asia have been meeting together for the last decade to discuss how to improve the management of hypertension. Based on these education and research activities, the Hypertension, brain, cardiovascular and renal Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network was officially established in June 2018 and includes experts from 12 countries/regions across Asia. Among the numerous research and review papers published by members of the HOPE Asia Network since 2017, publications in three key areas provide important guidance on the management of hypertension in Asia. This article highlights key consensus documents, which relate to the Asian characteristics of hypertension, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM), and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Hypertension and hypertension-related diseases are common in Asia, and their characteristics differ from those in other populations. It is essential that these are taken into consideration to provide the best opportunity for achieving "perfect 24-hour blood pressure control", guided by out-of-office (home and ambulatory) blood pressure monitoring. These region-specific consensus documents should contribute to optimizing individual and population-based hypertension management strategies in Asian country. In addition, the HOPE Asia Network model provides a good example of the local interpretation, modification, and dissemination of international best practice to benefit specific populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext Target blood pressure and control status in Asia

Chia YC, Kario K, Turana Y, Nailes J, Tay JC, Siddique S, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 Mar;22(3):344-350.
PMID: 31742891 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13714

It is widely accepted that hypertension constitutes a significant cardiovascular risk factor and that treating high blood pressure (BP) effectively reduces cardiovascular risk. An important issue in Asia is not just the high prevalence of hypertension, particularly in some countries, but also the low level of awareness and treatment rates in many regions. The 2017 update of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines raised the question about which BP threshold should be used to diagnose and treat hypertension. Although there is a theoretical rationale for a stricter BP criterion in Asia given the ethnic-specific features of hypertension in the region, the majority of countries in Asia have retained a diagnostic BP threshold of ≥140/90 mm Hg. Although lowering thresholds might make theoretical sense, this would increase the prevalence of hypertension and also markedly reduce BP control rates. In addition, there are currently no data from robust randomized clinical trials of the benefits of the lower targets in preventing cardiovascular disease and reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in high-risk patients and especially for Asian populations. There is also no defined home BP treatment target level for an office BP treatment target of 130/80 mm Hg. However, in this regard, in the interim, lifestyle modifications, including reducing body weight and salt intake, should form an important part of hypertension management strategies in Asia, while studies on treating at lower BP threshold level in Asians and getting to lower BP targets will be helpful to inform and optimize the management of hypertension in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext Clinical significance of nocturnal home blood pressure monitoring and nocturnal hypertension in Asia

Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, Tomitani N, Cheng HM, Soenarta AA, Turana Y, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):457-466.
PMID: 33591641 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14218

Nocturnal home blood pressure (BP) monitoring has been used in clinical practice for ~20 years. The authors recently showed that nocturnal systolic BP (SBP) measured by a home BP monitoring (HBPM) device in a Japanese general practice population was a significant predictor of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, independent of office and morning home SBP levels, and that masked nocturnal hypertension obtained by HBPM (defined as nocturnal home BP ≥ 120/70 mmHg and average morning and evening BP

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Characteristics and control of the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome

Huang JF, Li Y, Shin J, Chia YC, Sukonthasarn A, Turana Y, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):450-456.
PMID: 33629806 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14229

Asian countries are facing an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may aggravate the burden of cardiovascular diseases in this region. MetS is closely associated with ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Patients with MetS, compared to those without, had a twofold higher risk of new-onset office, home, or ambulatory hypertension. Furthermore, the risk of new-onset MetS in patients with white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension was also doubled compared to normotensives. High-risk masked hypertension and blunted nighttime BP dipping are common in patients with MetS, suggesting perfect 24-hour BP control with long-acting antihypertensive drugs and early initiation of combination therapy might be especially important for patients with MetS.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Aerobic exercise increases brain vessel lumen size and blood flow in young adults with elevated blood pressure. Secondary analysis of the TEPHRA randomized clinical trial

Lapidaire W, Forkert ND, Williamson W, Huckstep O, Tan CM, Alsharqi M, et al.

Neuroimage Clin, 2023;37:103337.
PMID: 36709637 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103337

IMPORTANCE: Cerebrovascular changes are already evident in young adults with hypertension and exercise is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk. To what extent exercise benefits the cerebrovasculature at an early stage of the disease remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether structured aerobic exercise increases brain vessel lumen diameter or cerebral blood flow (CBF) and whether lumen diameter is associated with CBF.
DESIGN: Open, parallel, two-arm superiority randomized controlled (1:1) trial in the TEPHRA study on an intention-to-treat basis. The MRI sub-study was an optional part of the protocol. The outcome assessors remained blinded until the data lock.
SETTING: Single-centre trial in Oxford, UK.
PARTICIPANTS: Participants were physically inactive (<150 min/week moderate to vigorous physical activity), 18 to 35 years old, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure 115/75 mmHg-159/99 mmHg, body mass index below 35 kg/m2 and never been on prescribed hypertension medications. Out of 203 randomized participants, 135 participated in the MRI sub-study. Randomisation was stratified for sex, age (<24, 24-29, 30-35 years) and gestational age at birth (<32, 32-37, >37 weeks).
INTERVENTION: Study participants were randomised to a 16 week aerobic exercise intervention targeting 3×60 min sessions per week at 60 to 80 % peak heart rate.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps from ASL MRI scans, internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 and M2 segments, anterior cerebral artery (ACA), basilar artery (BA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) diameters extracted from TOF MRI scans.
RESULTS: Of the 135 randomized participants (median age 28 years, 58 % women) who had high quality baseline MRI data available, 93 participants also had high quality follow-up data available. The exercise group showed an increase in ICA (0.1 cm, 95 % CI 0.01 to 0.18, p =.03) and MCA M1 (0.05 cm, 95 % CI 0.01 to 0.10, p =.03) vessel diameter compared to the control group. Differences in the MCA M2 (0.03 cm, 95 % CI 0.0 to 0.06, p =.08), ACA (0.04 cm, 95 % CI 0.0 to 0.08, p =.06), BA (0.02 cm, 95 % CI -0.04 to 0.09, p =.48), and PCA (0.03 cm, 95 % CI -0.01 to 0.06, p =.17) diameters or CBF were not statistically significant. The increase in ICA vessel diameter in the exercise group was associated with local increases in CBF.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Aerobic exercise induces positive cerebrovascular remodelling in young people with early hypertension, independent of blood pressure. The long-term benefit of these changes requires further study.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02723552, 30 March 2016.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext Insights on home blood pressure monitoring in Asia: Expert perspectives from 10 countries/regions

Wang JG, Bunyi ML, Chia YC, Kario K, Ohkubo T, Park S, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Jan;23(1):3-11.
PMID: 33043574 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14074

Hypertension is one of the most powerful modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is usually asymptomatic and therefore essential to measure blood pressure regularly for the detection of hypertension. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is recognized as a valuable tool to monitor blood pressure and facilitate effective diagnosis of hypertension. It is useful to identify the masked or white-coat hypertension. There is also increasing evidence that supports the role of HBPM in guiding antihypertensive treatment, and improving treatment compliance and hypertension control. In addition, HBPM has also shown prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular events. Despite these benefits, the use of HBPM in many parts of Asia has been reported to be low. An expert panel comprising 12 leading experts from 10 Asian countries/regions convened to share their perspectives on the realities of HBPM. This article provides an expert summary of the current status of HBPM and the key factors hindering its use. It also describes HBPM-related initiatives in the respective countries/regions and presents strategies that could be implemented to better support the use of HBPM in the management of hypertension.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Fulltext Guidance on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A statement from the HOPE Asia Network

Kario K, Hoshide S, Chia YC, Buranakitjaroen P, Siddique S, Shin J, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Mar;23(3):411-421.
PMID: 33319412 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14128

Hypertension is an important public health issue due to its association with a number of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. The importance of evaluating hypertension taking into account different blood pressure (BP) profiles and BP variability (BPV) is increasingly being recognized, and is particularly relevant in Asian populations given the specific features of hypertension in the region (including greater salt sensitivity and a high rate of nocturnal hypertension). Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension and assessing 24-hour BP and provides data on several important parameters that cannot be obtained using any other form of BP measurement. In addition, ABPM parameters provide better information on cardio- and cerebrovascular risk than office BP. ABPM should be used in all patients with elevated BP, particularly those with unstable office or home BP, or who are suspected to have white-coat or masked hypertension. ABPM is also an important part of hypertension diagnosis and monitoring in high-risk patients. ABPM needs to be performed using a validated device and good practice techniques, and has a role both in hypertension diagnosis and in monitoring the response to antihypertensive therapy to ensure strict BP control throughout the 24-hour period. Use of ABPM in clinical practice may be limited by cost and accessibility, and practical education of physicians and patients is essential. The ABPM evidence and practice points in this document are based on the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence (HOPE) Asia Network expert panel consensus recommendations for ABPM in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Long-term visit-to-visit variability of systolic blood pressure and decline in renal function in hypertensive patients over 15 years [Abstract OS 37-05]

Lim HM, Chia YC, Ching SM

J Hypertens, 2016 Sep;34 Suppl 1 - ISH 2016 Abstract Book:e406.
PMID: 27754262

Conference abstract:
We aim to examine the relationship between visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) and decline in renal function in patients with hypertension and determine the level of systolic BPV that contribute to significant renal function decline.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Regional differences in office and self-measured home heart rates in Asian hypertensive patients: AsiaBP@Home study

Tomitani N, Hoshide S, Buranakitjaroen P, Chia YC, Park S, Chen CH, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):606-613.
PMID: 33694262 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14239

Increased heart rate is a predictor of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. In those with high heart rates, interventions for heart rate reduction have been associated with reductions in coronary events. Asia is a diverse continent, and the prevalences of hypertension and cardiovascular disease differ among its countries. The present analysis of AsiaBP@Home study data investigated differences among resting heart rates (RHRs) in 1443 hypertensive patients from three Asian regions: East Asia (N = 595), Southeast Asia (N = 680), and South Asia (N = 168). This is the first study to investigate self-measured RHR values in different Asian countries/regions using the same validated home BP monitoring device (Omron HEM-7130-AP/HEM-7131-E). Subjects in South Asia had higher RHR values compared with the other two regions, and the regional tendency found in RHR values was different from that found in BP values. Even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, habitual alcohol consumption, current smoking habit, shift worker, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, history of heart failure, and beta-blocker use, both office and home RHR values in South Asia were the highest among Asia (mean values ± SE of office: East Asia [E] 75.2 ± 1.5 bpm, Southeast Asia [Se] 76.7 ± 1.5 bpm, South Asia [S] 81.9 ± 1.4 bpm; home morning: [E] 69.0 ± 1.2 bpm, [Se] 72.9 ± 1.2 bpm, [S] 74.9 ± 1.1 bpm; home evening: [E] 74.6 ± 1.2 bpm, [Se] 78.3 ± 1.2 bpm, [S] 83.8 ± 1.1 bpm). Given what is known about the impact of RHR on heart disease, our findings suggest the possible benefit of regionally tailored clinical strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Diversity of and initiatives for hypertension management in Asia-Why we need the HOPE Asia Network

Kario K, Chia YC, Sukonthasarn A, Turana Y, Shin J, Chen CH, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 Mar;22(3):331-343.
PMID: 31773883 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13733

The Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network was set up to improve the management of hypertension in Asia with the ultimate goal of achieving "zero" cardiovascular events. Asia is a diverse continent, and the prevalence of hypertension has increased over the last 30 years. There are a number of Asia-specific features of hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular complications, which means that a region-specific approach is needed. White-coat hypertension will become more of an issue over time as Asian populations age, and masked hypertension is more prevalent in Asian than in Western countries. Identifying and treating masked hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular risk. Abnormal patterns of blood pressure (BP) variability common in Asia include exaggerated early morning BP surge and nocturnal hypertension. These are also important cardiovascular risk factors that need to be managed. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an important tool for detecting white-coat and masked hypertension, and monitoring BP variability, and practices in Asia are variable. Use of HBPM is important given the Asia-specific features of hypertension, and strategies are needed to improve and standardize HBPM usage. Development of HBPM devices capable of measuring nocturnal BP along with other information and communication technology-based strategies are key developments in the widespread implementation of anticipation medicine strategies to detect and prevent cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. Region-wide differences in hypertension prevalence, control, and management practices in Asia highlight the importance of information sharing to facilitate best practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Comparison of day-to-day blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to those without diabetes: Asia BP@Home Study

Chia YC, Kario K, Tomitani N, Park S, Shin J, Turana Y, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 03;22(3):407-414.
PMID: 31891447 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13731

Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to be independently associated with cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have also been shown to have increased BPV. We aimed to compare BPV in hypertensive patients with diabetes with those without diabetes. A total of 1443 hypertensive patients measured their blood pressure (BP) twice in the morning and twice before bed at home for a week. Demographic data, history of T2DM, and anti-hypertensive use were captured. Clinic BP was measured twice in the clinic. Control of BP was defined as clinic systolic BP (SBP) <140 mm Hg and home SBP

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Current status of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Asian countries: A report from the HOPE Asia Network

Shin J, Kario K, Chia YC, Turana Y, Chen CH, Buranakitjaroen P, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 03;22(3):384-390.
PMID: 31696632 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13724

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) can measure 24-hour blood pressure (BP), including nocturnal BP and diurnal variations. This feature of ABPM could be of value in Asian populations for preventing cardiovascular events. However, no study has yet investigated regarding the use of ABPM in actual clinical settings in Asian countries/regions. In this study, 11 experts from 11 countries/regions were asked to answer questionnaires regarding the use of ABPM. We found that its use was very limited in primary care settings and almost exclusively available in referral settings. The indications of ABPM in actual clinical settings were largely similar to those of home BP monitoring (HBPM), that is, diagnosis of white-coat or masked hypertension and more accurate BP measurement for borderline clinic BP. Other interesting indications, such as nighttime BP patterns, including non-dipper BP, morning BP surge, and BP variability, were hardly adopted in daily clinical practice. The use of ABPM as treatment guidance for detecting treated but uncontrolled hypertension in the Asian countries/regions didn't seem to be common. The barrier to the use of ABPM was primarily its availability; in referral centers, patient reluctance owing to discomfort or sleep disturbance was the most frequent barrier. ABPM use was significantly more economical when it was reimbursed by public insurance. To facilitate ABPM use, more simplified indications and protocols to minimize discomfort should be sought. For the time being, HBPM could be a reasonable alternative.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Self-measured bed-time, arising and day blood pressures of normotensive young male and female adults

Wai, Nyunt, Thing, Sze Wei, Liing, Ting Ngiik

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2011;5(1):31-33.
MyJurnal

Morning surge in blood pressure is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in the middleaged and the elderly. Whether such a surge occurs in young subjects is not known. Eighty normotensive subjects (age: 21.8 ± 1.3 yr) measured their own blood pressure (BP) using an automatic device (Omron HEM-7080,) on going to bed and on waking up, for 2 consecutive days. In contrast to large morning BP surges reported for older age groups, there was much smaller but significant (P

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Home blood pressure-centered approach - from digital health to medical practice: HOPE Asia Network consensus statement 2023

Kario K, Tomitani N, Wang TD, Park S, Li Y, Shin J, et al.

Hypertens Res, 2023 Dec;46(12):2561-2574.
PMID: 37605071 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01397-6

Recent innovations in digital technology have enabled the simultaneous accumulation, and the linking and analysis of time-series big data relating to several factors that influence blood pressure (BP), including biological indicators, physical activity, and environmental information. Various approaches can be used to monitor BP: in the office/clinic; at home; 24-h ambulatory recording; or with wearable and cuffless devices. Of these, home BP monitoring is a reliable and convenient method, and is recommended for hypertension management by current national and international guidelines. This recommendation is based on evidence showing that home BP is an important predictor of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and kidney disease in patients with hypertension. In addition, lifetime personalized health record (PHR)-based home BP with telemonitoring combined with co-interventions has been shown to lower BP more effectively than the traditional approach based on office BP. Thus, home BP represents a key metric for personalized anticipation medicine, from digital healthcare to digital medicine. This paper summarizes the latest evidence on home BP monitoring and proposes a Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network consensus on a home BP-centered approach to the management of hypertension.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Characteristics of hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: An Asian experience

Hoshide S, Kario K, Chia YC, Siddique S, Buranakitjaroen P, Tsoi K, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):489-495.
PMID: 33705599 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14184

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk of hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. In Asian countries, the prevalence of OSA is high, as in Western countries. When blood pressure (BP) is evaluated in OSA individuals using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), the BP phenotype often indicates abnormal BP variability, such as increased nighttime BP or abnormal diurnal BP variation, that is, non-dipper pattern, riser pattern, and morning BP surge, and all these conditions have been associated with increased CVD events. Asians have a higher prevalence of increased nighttime BP or morning BP surge than Westerners. Therefore, this review paper focused on OSA and hypertension from an Asian perspective to investigate the importance of the association between OSA and hypertension in the Asian population. Such abnormal BP variability has been shown to be associated with progression of arterial stiffness, and this association could provoke a vicious cycle between abnormal BP phenotypes and arterial stiffness, a phenomenon recognized as systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS). OSA may be one of the background factors that augment SHATS. An oxygen-triggered nocturnal oscillometric BP measurement device combined with a pulse oximeter for continuous SpO2 monitoring could detect BP variability caused by OSA. In addition to treating the OSA, accurate and reliable detection and treatment of any residual BP elevation and BP variability caused by OSA would be necessary to prevent CVD events. However, more detailed detection of BP variability, such as beat-by-beat BP monitoring, would further help to reduce CV events.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext The influence of the ambient temperature on blood pressure and how it will affect the epidemiology of hypertension in Asia

Park S, Kario K, Chia YC, Turana Y, Chen CH, Buranakitjaroen P, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 Mar;22(3):438-444.
PMID: 31851429 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13762

Epidemiologic studies have consistently demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease during colder temperatures. Hemodynamic changes associated with cold temperature and an increase in thrombogenicity may both account for the increase in cardiovascular risk and mortality. Studies using both in-office and out-of-office BP measurements have consistently shown an elevation in BP during the colder seasons. The large difference in BP between cold and warm months may increase the incidence of hypertension and reduce the hypertension control rate, potentially resulting in increased cardiovascular risk, especially among those at risk of cardiovascular disease. The current trends in global warming and climate change may have a profound impact on the epidemiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as changes in the climate may significantly affect both BP variability and cardiovascular disease, especially in those with high cardiovascular risk and the elderly. Furthermore, climate change could have a significant influence on hypertension in Asia, considering the unique characteristics of hypertensive patients in Asia. As an increase in ambient temperature decreases the mean daytime average and morning surge in BP, but increases the nocturnal BP, it is difficult to predict how environmental changes will affect the epidemiology and prognosis of hypertension in the Asian-Pacific region. However, these seasonal variations in BP could be minimized by adjusting the housing conditions and using anticipation medicine. In this review, we discuss the impact of seasonal variation in the ambient temperature on hypertension and cardiovascular disease and discuss how this may impact the epidemiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Telemedicine in the management of hypertension: Evolving technological platforms for blood pressure telemonitoring

Wang JG, Li Y, Chia YC, Cheng HM, Minh HV, Siddique S, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):435-439.
PMID: 33484617 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14194

The prevalence of hypertension is high and still increasing in almost all communities regardless of high, middle, or low income. The control rate remains low in most countries. Telemedicine offers possibilities to improve blood pressure control. The past two decades witnessed the fast evolving telecommunication from telephone transmission to smart mobile phone technology for telemedicine. There is some evidence from randomized controlled trials that telemonitoring improves blood pressure control. However, it requires co-interventions. The emerging new technology may offer even more possibilities in telemonitoring and co-interventions, for instance, an interactive platform between patients and health professionals for the management of hypertension. Telemedicine might ultimately change the situation of the unsatisfactory management of hypertension in many communities. It helps fully utilize antihypertensive treatment, the most effective cardiovascular prevention, to achieve the goal of ending atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
Fulltext Asian management of hypertension: Current status, home blood pressure, and specific concerns in Malaysia

Chia YC, Kario K

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 03;22(3):497-500.
PMID: 31693281 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13721

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a third of all deaths in Malaysia. The background CV risk of Malaysia is much higher than that of developed countries in the west and in Asia. This high CV mortality is contributed by the high prevalence of CV risk factors especially hypertension which is very prevalent, coupled with low awareness and low control rates. This highlights the importance of home blood pressure measurements (HBPM). HBPM is an important adjunct in the management of hypertension, particularly to identify those unaware as well as white-coat hypertension which is high in treated hypertensive patients in Malaysia. Ownership of HBPM devices in Malaysia is high, and this is an opportunity as well as timely to encourage more use of HBPM. The Malaysian national guidelines do not require HBPM for the diagnosis of hypertension but do recommend HBPM for specific situations. The most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensives are calcium channel blockers, followed by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Despite the wide availability of anti-hypertensive agents, BP control rates remain low. It is important that strategies are in place to ensure that individuals are aware of the need to have their BP monitored regularly and this can be facilitated by the use of HBPM. Hence, there is a plan to develop a local HBPM consensus document. Strategies to reduce salt intake would also be beneficial. In summary, identification of those unaware and better control of BP with the help of HBPM would help reduce the burden of CV mortality and morbidity in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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