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Bone biology in craniofacial growth, development and ageing

Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:6.
PMID: 15468791
Matched MeSH terms: Bone Remodeling/physiology
Fulltext Early remodeling in children's forearm fractures

Qairul IH, Kareem BA, Tan AB, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56 Suppl D:34-7.
PMID: 14569764

The forearm fracture is a fracture of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. It is a common injury in children, accounting for more than half of all children's fractures, and mostly occur when a child falls on the outstretched arm. A difficult clinical problem that often arises is how much angulation can be accepted in the child and how much remodeling will occur. One hundred consecutive cases of forearm fractures that were admitted at Childrens Orthopaedic Ward, Institute of Paediatrics at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between 1st January 1997 to 31st December 1998 were studied. We found that all fractures united 3 to 6 weeks, with a remodeling rate of about 2.5 degrees/month: the proximal fractures having the most potential to remodel. We conclude that the early remodeling potential of forearm fractures in children is 1.5 degrees/month in midshaft fractures and 2.5 degrees/month in distal and proximal fractures. We recommend accepting a 10-20 degree angulation in midshaft fractures, and a 20-30 degree angulation in metaphyseal fractures; based on our study of early remodeling potential.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Remodeling/physiology*
Fulltext Are Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Mediators of Bone Loss Due to Estrogen Deficiency? A Review of Current Evidence

Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2020;20(9):1478-1487.
PMID: 32496996 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200604160614

Osteoporosis is one of the major health issues associated with menopause-related estrogen deficiency. Various reports suggest that the hormonal changes related to menopausal transition may lead to the derangement of redox homeostasis and ultimately oxidative stress. Estrogen deficiency and oxidative stress may enhance the expression of genes involved in inflammation. All these factors may contribute, in synergy, to the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Previous studies suggest that estrogen may act as an antioxidant to protect the bone against oxidative stress, and as an antiinflammatory agent in suppressing pro-inflammatory and pro-osteoclastic cytokines. Thus, the focus of the current review is to examine the relationship between estrogen deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation, and the impacts of these phenomena on skeletal health in postmenopausal women.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Remodeling/physiology*
Effects of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana (annatto) on bone histomorphometry in a male osteoporosis model induced by buserelin

Mohamad NV, Soelaiman IN, Chin KY

Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Jul;103:453-462.
PMID: 29674281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.083

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a debilitating skeletal side effect of androgen deprivation therapy based on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in men. Tocotrienol from Bixa orellana (annatto) has been demonstrated to offer protection against osteoporosis by exerting anabolic effects on bone. Thus, it may prevent osteoporosis among GnRH agonist users.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of annatto-tocotrienol on the bone turnover markers and bone histomorphometry in a model of male osteoporosis induced by buserelin (a GnRH agonist).
METHODS: Forty-six three-months-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (three months old; 300-350 g) were randomly divided into six groups. The baseline control group (n = 6) was sacrificed at the onset of the study. The normal control group (n = 8) received corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol) orally daily and normal saline (the vehicle of buserelin) subcutaneously daily. The buserelin control (n = 8) received corn oil orally daily and subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day daily. The calcium control (n = 8) received 1% calcium in drinking water and subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day. The remaining rats were treated with two different treatments, i.e., (1) oral annatto tocotrienol at 60 mg/kg/day plus subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day (n = 8); (2) oral annatto tocotrienol at 100 mg/kg/day plus subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day (n = 8). The rats were injected with calcein twice before being sacrificed to label the bones. The rats were euthanized, and their blood and right femur were harvested at the end of the treatment for bone turnover markers and bone histomorphometry examination.
RESULTS: Both serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen were not significantly different between treated groups and buserelin control (P > 0.05). The buserelin control group had a significantly lower bone volume and higher eroded surface compared with the normal control group (P bone volume, trabecular thickness and osteoblast number, as well as a significantly lower single-labelled surface compared with the buserelin control (P bone loss by increasing the mineralising surface and osteoblasts number. Thus, it has a potential role in preventing bone loss in men using GnRH agonist.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Remodeling/physiology
Transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells: enhance bone consolidation in mandibular distraction osteogenesis

Alkaisi A, Ismail AR, Mutum SS, Ahmad ZA, Masudi S, Abd Razak NH

J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013 Oct;71(10):1758.e1-13.
PMID: 24040948 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.05.016

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to enhance mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in rabbits.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Remodeling/physiology