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Koro in an Israeli male

Modai I, Munitz H, Aizenberg D

Br J Psychiatry, 1986 Oct;149:503-5.
PMID: 3814937

The Koro syndrome, a 'special cultural psychiatric syndrome', is encountered in South China, Malaysia and Indonesia, especially among people of Chinese origin. There are only eight case reports of Koro from the Western hemisphere. We present a typical primary Koro patient from Israel. Jewish cultural mores are a contributory factor.

Matched MeSH terms: Anxiety, Castration/ethnology*; Anxiety, Castration/therapy
The correlation between metastasis-free survival and overall survival in non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients from the Medical Data Vision claims database in Japan

Mori A, Hashimoto K, Koroki Y, Wu DB, Masumori N

Curr Med Res Opin, 2019 10;35(10):1745-1750.
PMID: 31084438 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1619543

Background and purpose: Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have demonstrated a significant improvement in metastasis-free survival (MFS); however, an improvement in overall survival (OS) is not reported yet. Since the surrogacy of MFS to OS has not been formally investigated in nmCRPC in Japan, this study evaluated the correlation between MFS and OS among a nmCRPC population in Japan. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study in patients with nmCRPC using the Japanese Medical Data Vision (MDV) database covering over 20 million patients. A total of 1236 patients with CRPC who had no prior medical history of cancer except prostate cancer and no distant metastasis, and who fulfilled PCWG2 criteria, were identified. Following the identification of nmCRPC, patients' medical records were investigated for subsequent events of metastasis and death. Results: The median follow-up time was 24 months. Median MFS was 28 months (95% CI: 24.0 to 33.0 months) and median OS could not be estimated (95% CI: not estimated). There was a statistically significant correlation between MFS and OS (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.58-0.65; p

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/mortality*; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
Fulltext Clinical outcomes of abiraterone acetate and predictors of its treatment duration in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Real-world experience in the Southeast Asian cohort

Lim J, Amantakul A, Shariff N, Lojanapiwat B, Alip A, Ong TA, et al.

Cancer Med, 2020 Jul;9(13):4613-4621.
PMID: 32374087 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3101

It is of much interest to understand the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) in routine clinical practice. We assessed the clinical outcome of AA in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and determined clinical factors associated with AA treatment duration in real-world setting. This real-world cohort consisted of 93 patients with mCRPC treated with AA in Thailand (58.1%) and Malaysia (41.9%). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). Secondary endpoints were predictors associated with AA treatment duration evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Around 74% were chemotherapy-naïve. The median AA treatment duration was 10 months (IQR 5.6-17.1). Malaysians had a relatively lower median OS and bPFS (OS 17.8 months; 95% CI 6.4-29.1, bPFS 10.4 months; 95% CI 8.8-12.0) compared to Thais (OS 27.0 months; 95% CI 11.3-42.7, bPFS 14.0 months; 95% CI 5.8-22.2), although it did not achieve statistical significance (P > .05). Patients with longer AA treatment duration (>10 months) had lower risk of death and longer bPFS, compared to those with shorter AA treatment duration (≤10 months) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.22 and HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that PSA at AA initiation, presence of PSA response and chemotherapy-naive were independently associated with AA duration (P

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/blood; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy*; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/mortality; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
Fulltext Koro-like symptoms with associated erectile dysfunction in a Rohingya refugee

Abdullah KHA, Wahab S

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):221-223.
MyJurnal

This case report highlights Koro-like symptoms with erectile dysfunction.
Methods: We report a case of a Rohingya refugee who presented with Koro-like symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction and severe religious guilt.
Results: Sexual dysfunction, i.e. erectile dysfunction may be a predisposing factor for a Koro incidence. Religious issues complicated by superstitious beliefs pose a treatment challenge.
Conclusion: Treating patient with sexual dysfunction should involve exploring and addressing patient's conflicts to avoid worsening of symptoms. As this case illustrates, severe anxiety can present with Koro-like symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Anxiety, Castration
Sporadic koro and marital dysharmony

Adityanjee, Zain AM, Subramaniam M

Psychopathology, 1991;24(1):49-52.
PMID: 2023985 DOI: 10.1159/000284697

A case of Koro is described in a Malaysian Chinese man in the setting of martial dysharmony and sexual rejection. A distinction is suggested between the epidemic form of Koro and the Koro symptom occurring sporadically. Existence of the sporadic Koro syndrome is discussed and a unified classificatory system is proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Anxiety, Castration/psychology*
Doped silica fibre thermoluminescence measurements of radiation dose in the use of 223Ra

Bradley, Sani SFA, Shafiqah ASS, Collins SM, Hugtenburg RP, Rashid HAA, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2018 Aug;138:65-72.
PMID: 28427834 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.04.019

Using tailor-made sub-mm dimension doped-silica fibres, thermoluminescent dosimetric studies have been performed for α-emitting sources of 223RaCl2 (the basis of the Bayer Healthcare product Xofigo®). The use of 223RaCl2 in the palliative treatment of bone metastases resulting from late-stage castration-resistant prostate cancer focuses on its favourable uptake in metabolically active bone metastases. Such treatment benefits from the high linear energy transfer (LET) and associated short path length (<100µm) of the α-particles emitted by 223Ra and its decay progeny. In seeking to provide for in vitro dosimetry of the α-particles originating from the 223Ra decay series, investigation has been made of the TL yield of various forms of Ge-doped SiO2 fibres, including photonic crystal fibre (PCF) collapsed, PCF uncollapsed, flat and single-mode fibres. Irradiations of the fibres were performed at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Notable features are the considerable sensitivity of the dosimeters and an effective atomic number Zeff approaching that of bone, the glass fibres offering the added advantage of being able to be placed directly into liquid. The outcome of present research is expected to inform development of doped fibre dosimeters of versatile utility, including for applications as detailed herein.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Fulltext Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats

Ang HH, Cheang HS, Yusof AP

Exp Anim, 2000 Jan;49(1):35-8.
PMID: 10803359 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.49.35

We studied the effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, commonly known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia, on the initiation of sexual performance and the weights of sexual accessories in inexperienced castrated male rats. The doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, which were extracted from E. longifolia Jack, were orally administered to the rats twice daily for 10 days prior to the tests and continued throughout the test period. Testosterone was used as a positive control after injecting 15 mg/kg daily subcutaneously for 32 days. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack produced a dose-dependent increase in sexual performance of the treated animals, but the E. longifolia Jack groups showed lower sexual performance in mounting, intromission and ejaculation than the testosterone group. Further results also showed that E. longifolia Jack promoted the growth of both ventral prostate and seminal vesicles as compared with the control, but the growth of sexual accessories at 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack was less than that of testosterone treated group. The present study therefore gives further evidence of the folkuse of E. longifolia as an aphrodisiac.

Matched MeSH terms: Castration*
Testicular relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Malaysia, 1967-82

Lin HP, Taib NM, Singh P, Sinniah D, Lam KL

Aust Paediatr J, 1984 Mar;20(1):53-6.
PMID: 6590027

From 1967-82, 9 children with testicular relapse (TR) of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were diagnosed out of 99 boys treated, an incidence of 9.1%. The median time from the onset of ALL until diagnosis was 28 months (range 3-41 months). All were asymptomatic; six were detected on routine examination while three were diagnosed only on biopsy. Routine biopsy prior to stopping chemotherapy is useful in detecting occult TR. Biopsies should be done on both the testes regardless of the clinical findings. The age, leucocyte count and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis of ALL were not found to be significant factors in influencing relapse. Eight children were in bone marrow remission at the time of TR, but three had preceding or concurrent meningeal leukaemia while in the other five the testis was the first and only site of relapse. Radiotherapy was effective in local disease control but failed to prevent bone marrow relapse in all except two patients despite continuation of chemotherapy. The median time from onset of TR until bone marrow relapse was 7 months (range 3-13 months) and the median time until death, was 11 months (range 6-18 months). The frequency of testicular relapse may be related to the intensity of either the initial induction therapy or the consolidation chemotherapy. Further studies are required to determine whether the incidence of testicular relapse will decline with more intensive early treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Castration
Fulltext Recent trend of androgen deprivation therapy in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients: Comparing between high- and middle-income Asian countries

Lim J, Onozawa M, Saad M, Ong TA, A-CaP (Asian Prostate Cancer) Study, J-CaP (Japan Prostate Cancer Study Group), et al.

Cancer Sci, 2021 Jun;112(6):2071-2080.
PMID: 33738901 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14889

The number of newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases varies across Asia, with higher mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in developing nations. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), alone or in combination, remains the mainstay of first-line treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Key findings of extensive research and randomized controlled trials have shaped current clinical practice and influenced clinical guideline recommendations. We describe here the recent trend of ADT in newly diagnosed prostate cancer for Asia focusing on Japan (high-income country) and Malaysia (middle-income country) based on the Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) Study. The combination of radiotherapy and ADT or ADT alone was common in patients with intermediate-to-high risk localized and locally advanced disease. For metastatic prostate cancer, maximum androgen blockade (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist/antagonist plus antiandrogen) was prevalent among the Japanese patients while primary ADT alone with GnRH agonist/antagonist was widely practiced in the Malaysian cohort. Upfront combined therapy (ADT plus docetaxel or androgen receptor pathway inhibitor) has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-naïve prostate cancer. Its application, however, remains low in our cohorts due to patients' financial capacity and national health insurance coverage. Early detection remains the cornerstone in prostate cancer control to improve treatment outcome and patient survival.

Matched MeSH terms: Castration
Changes in plasma aldosterone and electrolytes levels, kidney epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and blood pressure in normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHR rats following gonadectomy and chronic testosterone treatment

Loh SY, Giribabu N, Salleh N

Steroids, 2017 Dec;128:128-135.
PMID: 28954214 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.008

We hypothesized that testosterone-induced increase in blood pressure involve changes in aldosterone levels and expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidneys.
METHODS: Ovariectomized female normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats were given six weeks treatment with testosterone via subcutaneous silastic implant. The rats were anesthetized and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via direct cannulation of the carotid artery. Animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed and subjected for α, β and γ-ENaC protein and mRNA expression analyses by Western blotting and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Distributions of α, β and γ-ENaC proteins in kidneys were observed by immunofluorescence. Plasma testosterone, aldosterone, electrolytes, osmolality, urea and creatinine levels were determined by biochemical assays. Analysis were also performed in non-testosterone treated orchidectomized and sham-operated male WKY and SHR rats.
RESULTS: Treatment of ovariectomized female WKY and SHR rats with testosterone causes increased in MAP but decreased in plasma aldosterone, sodium (Na+), osmolality and expression and distribution of α, β and γ-ENaC subunits in the kidneys. Orchidectomy decreased the MAP but increased plasma aldosterone, Na+, osmolality and α, β and γ-ENaC expression and distribution in the kidneys of male WKY and SHR rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Decreased in plasma aldosterone, Na+ and ENaC levels in kidneys under testosterone influence indicated that testosterone-induced increased in MAP were not due to increased plasma aldosterone and ENaC levels in kidneys, and thus the testosterone effect on MAP likely involve other mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Castration