Choristoma is a benign tumor where new bone formation occurs. It occurs exclusively in the flat bones of the skull and face. These are slow growing lesions that are usually completely asymptomatic and only present when there is a disruption in the function of the organ due to its large size as it grows. These choristomas can rarely occur in soft tissues especially in the head, eye, tongue, or extremities. Choristomas of the soft tissues are very rare. Only 61 cases of choristomas of the tongue have been reported in literature. Here we report a case of choristoma in the base of the tongue in a 25-year-old Malay female.
Two patients with unilateral transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) without the persistence of Mullerian duct structures are described. Each presented with unilateral impalpable testis and a contralateral inguinal hernia. The diagnosis of unilateral TTE was made during laparoscopic evaluation for undescended testis. The first patient had unilateral TTE on the right side and the second on the left. In both patients, a long thin band resembling the round ligament of the uterus was seen extending from the region of the internal inguinal ring (IIR) on the side of the undescended testis to the opposite inguinal canal. In both patients, there was no patent processus vaginalis on the side of the undescended testis and on the contralateral side the internal rings were widely patent with large hernial sacs. In the second patient, the right vas was seen extending from the right IIR towards the right side of the pelvis. The right vas showed a short segment of discontinuity at the level of the right IIR while its proximal end extended into the left inguinal canal in close relation to the right spermatic vessels. The vasal anomaly was probably ischemic in origin, resulting from excessive mobility of the ectopic testis and its vas in TTE. Correlation of the current hypotheses on the embryology of TTE with the above mentioned laparoscopic findings is discussed.
A patient diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the stomach underwent gastrectomy. Post-operatively, histopathology was reported as heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Heterotopic pancreas is very rare and though most of them appear asymptomatic, surgical resection is advisable.
Neonatal stridor resulting from intrinsic or extrinsic aberration in the upper respiratory tract often poses not only a diagnostic problem, but also a difficult airway and a dilemma as to the necessity / timing of surgical intervention. A 45 day old female child with increasing stridor since birth was managed by emergency intubation and CT scan followed by excision biopsy of the cystic left sided parapharyngeal mass via a transcervical approach. On histopathology, the excised specimen was reported as cystic salivary choristoma.
Heterotopic neuroglial tissue is a rare congenital lesion with predilection in head and neck region. We report a case of a newborn who presented with an oral cavity mass with intracranial extension and later respiratory distress that was successfully excised via transcranial and transcervical approach.
Endocervicosis in the urinary bladder is a rare benign condition. We present a case in a 37-year-old woman with classical clinical and pathological features of endocervicosis. The unusual observation of endocervical-like mucinous epithelium in continuity with the urothelium in addition to fully developed endocervicosis prompted immunohistochemical profiling of the case using antibodies to cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CK19, CK7, CK5/6, CK20), HBME-1, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) to assess the relationship of the surface mucinous and endocervicosis glandular epithelia. The surface mucinous epithelium, urothelium and endocervicosis glands were immunopositive for AE1/AE3, CK7 and CK19 while CK20 was only expressed by few urothelial umbrella cells. The surface mucinous epithelium was CK5/6 and HBME-1 immunonegative but showed presence of ER and PR. This was in contrast to the urothelium's expression of CK5/6 but not ER and PR. In comparison, endocervicosis glands expressed HBME-1, unlike the surface mucinous epithelium. The endocervicosis epithelium also demonstrated the expected presence of ER and PR and CK5/6 immunonegativity. The slightly differing immunohistochemical phenotypes of the surface mucinous and morphologically similar endocervicosis glandular epithelium is interesting and requires further clarification to its actual nature. The patient has remained well and without evidence of disease 18-months following transurethral resection of the lesion.