Displaying all 11 publications

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  1. Umair S, Waqas U, Faheem M
    Postgrad Med J, 2021 Feb;97(1144):130-132.
    PMID: 32561598 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138079
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  2. Suleiman A, Ngadiman S, Ramly M, Yusoff AF, Yusof MP
    Western Pac Surveill Response J, 2021 06 22;12(2):51-56.
    PMID: 34540313 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.008
    Objective: Various public health and social measures have been used during the COVID-19 outbreak, including lockdowns, contact-tracing, isolation and quarantine. The objective of this manuscript is to describe outbreaks of COVID-19 in Selangor, Malaysia, the public health strategies used and the observed impact of the measures on the epidemic curve.

    Methods: Information on all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Selangor between 25 January and 28 April 2020 was obtained. Clusters were identified, and cases were disaggregated into linked, unlinked and imported cases. Epidemic curves were constructed, and the timing of movement control orders was compared with the numbers of cases reported.

    Results: During the study period, 1395 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported to the Selangor Health Department, of which 15.8% were imported, 79.5% were linked and 4.7% were unlinked cases. For two main clusters, the number of cases decreased after control measures were instituted, by contact-tracing followed by isolation and home quarantine for the first cluster (n = 126), and with the addition of the movement control order for the second, much larger cluster (n = 559).

    Discussion: The findings suggest that appropriate, timely public health interventions and movement control measures have a synergistic effect on controlling COVID-19 outbreaks.

    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  3. Venugopalan B
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):20-5.
    PMID: 15535331 MyJurnal
    In the year 2001, 1459 Tuberculosis (TB) cases (43.1/100,000 population) were notified in Selangor. The highest age specific incidence rate was among those aged above 60 years and foreigners accounted for 15% of the cases notified. Fifteen percent of the TB cases were treated in the private sector where treatment efficacy and compliance could not be evaluated. Co- infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection with TB accounted for 51% of the TB deaths notified. Screening programmes in prisons and drug rehabilitation centres had detected 11.7% of HIV/TB coinfection among HIV positive inmates screened in these institutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  4. Aziah AM
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):1-3.
    PMID: 15535327 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  5. Murray G
    Aust. Vet. J., 1999 May;77(5):339.
    PMID: 10376108
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  6. Ganasegeran K, Ch'ng ASH, Looi I
    J Glob Health, 2020 Dec;10(2):020333.
    PMID: 33110533 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020333
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  7. Islam S, Mannan F, Islam T, Rahman S, Liza SS, Chisti MJ, et al.
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2020 Oct 31;14(10):1098-1105.
    PMID: 33175702 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13289
    The novel coronavirus has become a global risk because of its massive transmission and high rates of mutation. Efficient clinical management remains a challenge in combatting the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by this virulent strain. This contagious disease is new to the people of Bangladesh. The country is at high risk of spreading the coronavirus infection particularly because of its high population density. Significant morbidity and mortality have been observed for the quick transmission of this virus since March 8, 2020. The basic objective of this article is to analyze the preparedness of Bangladesh, given its constraints and limitations, to cope with the rapid spread of COVID-19 infection. In doing so, it summarizes the origin of coronavirus, epidemiology, mode of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the disease. Although many steps have been taken by the Government and the private sector of Bangladesh to create awareness about measures needed to prevent the deadly infections, many people are unaware of and reluctant to accept the prescribed rules. Inadequacy of diagnostic facilities and limitations of clinical care and health care services were major constraints faced in treating COVID-19 infected people in Bangladesh. Greater compliance by the people in following the suggested measures may help reduce the rapid spread of the disease and overcome the challenges faced by this pandemic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
  8. Rahim AA, Chacko TV
    Indian J Public Health, 2019 9 26;63(3):261-264.
    PMID: 31552860 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_117_19
    Asia Pacific region has been witnessing numerous public health emergencies in recent years with the Nipah outbreak in North Kerala (2018), India, needs special mention. Threats posed and experiences gained have compelled health systems to draft frameworks nationally and internationally for preparedness, outbreak response, and recovery. Our failure to obtain comprehensive guiding frameworks for application in the Indian context for Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Influenza A (H1N1), and Nipah outbreaks led us to the search outside India for frameworks that have worked in the past. A thorough review of the WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Malaysian framework was done to identify explicit components and replicable objectives to the national context. In the absence of a specific framework, Nipah recovery and response experience that worked in Kerala outbreak (2018) was compared against novel H1N1 (2015) guidelines at national level. This article provides the groundwork and insights as a value addition toward an India-specific framework of action for response and recovery for Nipah outbreaks in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  9. Ott JJ, Horn J, Krause G, Mikolajczyk RT
    J Hepatol, 2017 Jan;66(1):48-54.
    PMID: 27592304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.013
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Information on trends in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence across countries is lacking. We studied changes in chronic HBV infection over previous decades by country, and assessed patterns of change between and within WHO-defined regions.

    METHODS: Based on data from a published systematic review on chronic HBV, we applied a linear model on the logit scale to assess time trends in country-specific prevalence. Estimated HBsAg prevalence in 2000 and relative changes in prevalence over time were evaluated by country and region.

    RESULTS: Sufficient data were available for 50 countries, mostly showing reductions in prevalence over time. Various degrees of heterogeneity were observed within regions, with a relatively homogenous pattern in the Eastern Mediterranean region with strong decreases in HBsAg prevalence. Europe showed a mixed pattern: higher and stable chronic HBsAg prevalence in Eastern, and constantly low prevalence in Western Europe. In Africa, some countries demonstrated no change in prevalence; increases were seen in Uganda (odds ratio 1.05 per year; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.06), Nigeria (1.02; 1.02-1.02), Senegal (1.01; 1.01-1.02), and South Africa (1.02; 1.01-1.02). With some exceptions, country-patterns overlapped among countries of South East Asian and Western Pacific regions, characterized by low-medium HBsAg decreases, most prominent in China and Malaysia.

    CONCLUSIONS: Most countries experienced decreases in HBsAg prevalence. Dynamics varied, even within regions; decreases occurred mostly before the direct effects of childhood vaccination may have manifested. These findings together with stable and increasing HBsAg prevalence in some countries of Africa and Eastern Europe indicate the need for further tailored country-specific prevention.

    LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated time trends in prevalence of chronic HBV infection in 50 countries worldwide over the last decade, by estimating relative changes in prevalence. Results show decreases in chronic HBV infection in most countries; no changes or increases in prevalence are noted in some African countries. Reasons for time changes need to be investigated further; based on the results, various prevention measures have contributed to reductions, and further tailored HBV prevention is required to combat the disease on a global level.

    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
  10. Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Khanal P, Kc B
    J Travel Med, 2020 May 18;27(3).
    PMID: 32104884 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa024
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
  11. Bervell B, Al-Samarraie H
    Soc Sci Med, 2019 07;232:1-16.
    PMID: 31035241 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.024
    This study distinguished between the application of e-health and m-health technologies in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries based on the dimensions of use, targeted diseases or health conditions, locations of use, and beneficiaries (types of patients or health workers) in a country specific context. It further characterized the main opportunities and challenges associated with these dimensions across the sub-region. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on 66 published peer reviewed articles. The review followed the scientific process of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines of identification, selection, assessment, synthesis and interpretation of findings. The results of the study showed that m-health was prevalent in usage for promoting information for treatment and prevention of diseases as well as serving as an effective technology for reminders towards adherence. For e-health, the uniqueness lay in data acquisition and patients' records management; diagnosis; training and recruitment. While m-health was never used for monitoring or training and recruitment, e-health on the other hand could not serve the purpose of reminders or for reporting cases from the field. Both technologies were however useful for adherence, diagnosis, disease control mechanisms, information provision, and decision-making/referrals. HIV/AIDS, malaria, and maternal (postnatal and antenatal) healthcare were important in both m-health and e-health interventions mostly concentrated in the rural settings of South Africa and Kenya. ICT infrastructure, trained personnel, illiteracy, lack of multilingual text and voice messages were major challenges hindering the effective usage of both m-health and e-health technologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
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