Displaying all 16 publications

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  1. Changing landscape of digital communication in travel medicine
    Kohl SE, Van Tilburg C, Flaherty GT
    J Travel Med, 2019 Jan 01;26(1).
    PMID: 30535106 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tay145
    Matched MeSH terms: Travel Medicine/trends*
  2. Emerging problems of antibiotic resistance in community medicine
    Parasakthi N
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Jun;18(1):9-13.
    PMID: 10879217
    Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with community acquired infections has made the choice of empirical therapy more difficult and more expensive. The problems due to possible spread of MRSA to the community, emergence of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae, ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae, and multiresistance among common enteric pathogens are highlighted. Bacteria have a remarkable ability to develop resistance to many of the newly synthesized antimicrobial agents but the appropriate use of antibiotics will delay and in many cases prevent the emergence of resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Community Medicine/trends*
  3. Nutrition in adverse environments, 3. The metabolic effects of a restricted food intake on men working in a tropical environment
    Crowdy JP, Consolazio CF, Forbes AL, Haisman MF, Worsley DE
    Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 1982 Oct;36(5):325-44.
    PMID: 7141879
    As part of a research programme concerned with the need to lighten the load carried by soldiers engaged in long foot patrols, a field experiment was undertaken in West Malaysia. For 12 d a group of 15 men consumed 7.4 MJ/d (1770 kcal/d) whilst a control group of 14 men ate 12.9 MJ/d (3080 kcal/d); both groups expended on average about 15.8 MJ/d (3770 kcal/d). The low-energy group incurred an energy deficit of 98 MJ (23 410 kcal) with a weight loss of 3.9 kg, whereas corresponding figures for the control group were 37 MJ (8840 kcal) and 2.4 kg. Before, during and after the energy deprivation phase, assessment was made of work capacity (estimated VO2 max), vigilance and military skills but no difference was found between the groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Military Medicine/trends*; Tropical Medicine/trends*
  4. Fulltext Collaborate or Collapse: Capacity Building in Zoonotic and Neglected Tropical Disease Modelling
    Mohd Zain SN, Basáñez MG
    Trends Parasitol, 2018 05;34(5):356-358.
    PMID: 29358040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.009
    We share the insights from a successful collaboration in organizing and implementing an international scientific capacity-building workshop in Malaysia titled Mathematical Modelling of Neglected Infectious Diseases: Capacity Building in Southeast Asia. This workshop focused on the delivery of technical know-how and on essential soft skills related to effective grant proposal writing and networking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tropical Medicine/trends*
  5. Conservation medicine and a new agenda for emerging diseases
    Daszak P, Tabor GM, Kilpatrick AM, Epstein J, Plowright R
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2004 Oct;1026:1-11.
    PMID: 15604464
    The last three decades have seen an alarming number of high-profile outbreaks of new viruses and other pathogens, many of them emerging from wildlife. Recent outbreaks of SARS, avian influenza, and others highlight emerging zoonotic diseases as one of the key threats to global health. Similar emerging diseases have been reported in wildlife populations, resulting in mass mortalities, population declines, and even extinctions. In this paper, we highlight three examples of emerging pathogens: Nipah and Hendra virus, which emerged in Malaysia and Australia in the 1990s respectively, with recent outbreaks caused by similar viruses in India in 2000 and Bangladesh in 2004; West Nile virus, which emerged in the New World in 1999; and amphibian chytridiomycosis, which has emerged globally as a threat to amphibian populations and a major cause of amphibian population declines. We discuss a new, conservation medicine approach to emerging diseases that integrates veterinary, medical, ecologic, and other sciences in interdisciplinary teams. These teams investigate the causes of emergence, analyze the underlying drivers, and attempt to define common rules governing emergence for human, wildlife, and plant EIDs. The ultimate goal is a risk analysis that allows us to predict future emergence of known and unknown pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Veterinary Medicine/trends; Clinical Medicine/trends*
  6. Fulltext Therapeutic radionuclides in nuclear medicine: current and future prospects
    Yeong CH, Cheng MH, Ng KH
    J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2014 Oct;15(10):845-63.
    PMID: 25294374 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1400131
    The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131 ((131)I), phosphorous-32 ((32)P), strontium-90 ((90)Sr), and yttrium-90 ((90)Y), have been used successfully for the treatment of many benign and malignant disorders. Recently, the rapid growth of this branch of nuclear medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of a number of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and neuroendocrine and other malignant or non-malignant tumours. Today, the field of radionuclide therapy is enjoying an exciting phase and is poised for greater growth and development in the coming years. For example, in Asia, the high prevalence of thyroid and liver diseases has prompted many novel developments and clinical trials using targeted radionuclide therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics and clinical applications of the commonly available therapeutic radionuclides, as well as the problems and issues involved in translating novel radionuclides into clinical therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nuclear Medicine/trends*
  7. Advances in stem cells technologies and their commercialization potential
    Kamarul T
    Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2013 Jul;6(4):363-5.
    PMID: 23927663 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.811804
    The World Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Congress Asia 2013 held in Singapore from 19-21 March 2013 was attended by over 2000 industry attendees and 5000 registered visitors. The focus of the congress was to discuss potential uses of stem cells for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, their market opportunity and the latest R&D, which would potentially find its way into the market in not too distant future. In addition to the traditional lectures presented by academic and industry experts, there were forums, discussions, posters and exhibits, which provided various platforms for researchers, potential industry partners and even various interest groups to discuss prospective development of the stem cell-related industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine/trends*
  8. Constraints on the retreat from a welfare-orientated approach to public health care in Malaysia
    Barraclough S
    Health Policy, 1999 Apr;47(1):53-67.
    PMID: 10387810
    Both in its articulation of values and through incremental changes, the Malaysian government has signalled a change in attitude towards the welfare approach which had hitherto characterized public health care policy. This change envisions an end to reliance upon the state for the provision and financing of health services and the fostering of a system of family-based welfare. In the future citizens should finance their own health care through savings, insurance or as part of their terms of employment. While the state will still accept a degree of responsibility for those unable to pay for their health care, it wishes to share this burden with the corporate sector and non-government organizations as part of a national policy of the 'Caring Society'. In this article the retreat from a commitment to a welfare model of public health care is documented and some of the serious obstacles to such a policy are discussed. It is concluded that the government's aspirations for reforming the welfare model will need to be tempered by both practical and political considerations. Moreover, the socio-economic consequences of the Asian currency crisis of 1997 are likely to increase the need for government welfare action.
    Matched MeSH terms: State Medicine/trends
  9. Rehabilitation in Malaysia
    Naicker AS, Mohamad Yatim S, Engkasan JP, Mazlan M, Yusof YM, Yuliawiratman BS, et al.
    Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 2019 11;30(4):807-816.
    PMID: 31563172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.07.006
    This article reviews the epidemiology, rehabilitation intervention strategies, and rehabilitation resources for persons with disabilities (PWD) in Malaysia. Currently, the registered number of PWD is 409,269 individuals, 1.3% of the total population, which is far less than the World Health Organization estimation of 10%. The rehabilitation implementation strategies include health policies, health promotion, and prevention programs. Health-related services for PWD are provided by many government agencies, including health, welfare, education, manpower, housing, and the private sector and nongovernment organizations. It is hoped national health programs can ensure special care and rehabilitation for PWD, optimizing self-reliance and social integration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine/trends*
  10. Probiotics or antibiotics: future challenges in medicine
    Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Abdullah N, Barzegari A, Radiah D, Rosli R, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2015 Feb;64(Pt 2):137-46.
    PMID: 25525206 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.078923-0
    Genetic and environmental factors can affect the intestinal microbiome and microbial metabolome. Among these environmental factors, the consumption of antibiotics can significantly change the intestinal microbiome of individuals and consequently affect the corresponding metagenome. The term 'probiotics' is related to preventive medicine rather than therapeutic procedures and is, thus, considered the opposite of antibiotics. This review discusses the challenges between these opposing treatments in terms of the following points: (i) antibiotic resistance, the relationship between antibiotic consumption and microbiome diversity reduction, antibiotic effect on the metagenome, and disease associated with antibiotics; and (ii) probiotics as living drugs, probiotic effect on epigenetic alterations, and gut microbiome relevance to hygiene indulgence. The intestinal microbiome is more specific for individuals and may be affected by environmental alterations and the occurrence of diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medicine/trends*
  11. Connecting Proteomics to Next-Generation Sequencing: Proteogenomics and Its Current Applications in Biology
    Low TY, Mohtar MA, Ang MY, Jamal R
    Proteomics, 2019 05;19(10):e1800235.
    PMID: 30431238 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800235
    Understanding the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes is essential to disentangle biological mechanisms and to unravel the molecular basis of diseases. Genes and proteins are closely linked in biological systems. However, genomics and proteomics have developed separately into two distinct disciplines whereby crosstalk among scientists from the two domains is limited and this constrains the integration of both fields into a single data modality of useful information. The emerging field of proteogenomics attempts to address this by building bridges between the two disciplines. In this review, how genomics and transcriptomics data in different formats can be utilized to assist proteogenomics application is briefly discussed. Subsequently, a much larger part of this review focuses on proteogenomics research articles that are published in the last five years that answer two important questions. First, how proteogenomics can be applied to tackle biological problems is discussed, covering genome annotation and precision medicine. Second, the latest developments in analytical technologies for data acquisition and the bioinformatics tools to interpret and visualize proteogenomics data are covered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Precision Medicine/trends*
  12. Fulltext Application of stem cells in tissue engineering for defense medicine
    Ude CC, Miskon A, Idrus RBH, Abu Bakar MB
    Mil Med Res, 2018 02 26;5(1):7.
    PMID: 29502528 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0154-9
    The dynamic nature of modern warfare, including threats and injuries faced by soldiers, necessitates the development of countermeasures that address a wide variety of injuries. Tissue engineering has emerged as a field with the potential to provide contemporary solutions. In this review, discussions focus on the applications of stem cells in tissue engineering to address health risks frequently faced by combatants at war. Human development depends intimately on stem cells, the mysterious precursor to every kind of cell in the body that, with proper instruction, can grow and differentiate into any new tissue or organ. Recent reports have suggested the greater therapeutic effects of the anti-inflammatory, trophic, paracrine and immune-modulatory functions associated with these cells, which induce them to restore normal healing and tissue regeneration by modulating immune reactions, regulating inflammation, and suppressing fibrosis. Therefore, the use of stem cells holds significant promise for the treatment of many battlefield injuries and their complications. These applications include the treatment of injuries to the skin, sensory organs, nervous system tissues, the musculoskeletal system, circulatory/pulmonary tissues and genitals/testicles and of acute radiation syndrome and the development of novel biosensors. The new research developments in these areas suggest that solutions are being developed to reduce critical consequences of wounds and exposures suffered in warfare. Current military applications of stem cell-based therapies are already saving the lives of soldiers who would have died in previous conflicts. Injuries that would have resulted in deaths previously now result in wounds today; similarly, today's permanent wounds may be reduced to tomorrow's bad memories with further advances in stem cell-based therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Military Medicine/trends*
  13. Fulltext Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for acute muscle injury: a systematic review
    Hamid MS, Yusof A, Mohamed Ali MR
    PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e90538.
    PMID: 24587389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090538
    INTRODUCTION: Acute muscle injury is one of the commonest injuries that often result in loss of training and competition time. The best management for muscle injury has not been identified. Sports medicine practitioners used several approaches in attempt to accelerate time to recovery from muscle injury. More recently growing interest focussed on autologous blood product injection.
    METHODS: A literature search was conducted systematically using OvidMEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases to retrieve articles published until December 2012. Controlled trials and controlled laboratory studies comparing different strategies to promote early recovery of muscle injury were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed.
    RESULTS: There are limited studies on the effects of PRP therapy for muscle injury. Three in vivo laboratory studies and one pilot human study were reviewed. The laboratory studies reported histological evidence on significant acceleration of muscle healing in animals treated with autologous conditioned serum (ACS), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin matrix (PRFM). A pilot human study found athletes treated with repeated ACS injection recovers significantly faster than retrospective controls.
    CONCLUSION: Several in vivo laboratory studies suggest beneficial effects of ACS, PRP and PRFM in accelerating muscle recovery. Evidence to suggest similar effects on humans is however limited, as valuable information from robust human controlled trials is still not available at this moment. Hence, more studies of satisfactory methodological quality with platelet-rich plasma interventions on muscle injury are justified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sports Medicine/trends
  14. Herbal medicines: predictors of recommendation by physicians
    Aziz Z
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 2004 Jun;29(3):241-6.
    PMID: 15153085
    We hypothesized that as the use of herbal medicines increases in the general population, so do patients' requests to physicians for recommendations. However, why some physicians recommend herbal medicines while others do not is not well understood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbal Medicine/trends*
  15. Fulltext Validity and reliability of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
    Norhayati MN, Nawi ZM
    PLoS One, 2021;16(4):e0249660.
    PMID: 33886615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249660
    BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a widely accepted scientific advancement in clinical settings that helps achieve better, safer, and more cost-effective healthcare. However, presently, validated instruments to evaluate healthcare professionals' attitude and practices toward implementing EBM are not widely available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a newly developed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire on EBM for use among healthcare professionals.

    METHODS: The Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire was tested among physicians in a government hospital between July and August 2018. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability-based Cronbach's alpha statistic were conducted.

    RESULTS: The questionnaire was distributed among 94 physicians, and 90 responded (response rate of 95.7%). The initial number of items in the KAP domains of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire were 15, 17, and 13, respectively; however, two items in the practice domain with communalities <0.25 and factor loadings <0.4 were removed. The factor structure accounted for 52.33%, 66.29%, and 55.39% of data variance in the KAP domains, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.81, 0.81, and 0.84 for KAP domains, respectively, indicating high reliability.

    CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of healthcare professionals toward EBM. Future testing of this questionnaire among other medical personnel groups will help expand the scope of this tool.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evidence-Based Medicine/trends*
  16. Translational aspects of genetic factors in the prediction of drug response variability: a case study of warfarin pharmacogenomics in a multi-ethnic cohort from Asia
    Chan SL, Suo C, Lee SC, Goh BC, Chia KS, Teo YY
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2012 Aug;12(4):312-8.
    PMID: 21383771 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.7
    Genetic markers displaying highly significant statistical associations with complex phenotypes may not necessarily possess sufficient clinical validity to be useful. Understanding the contribution of these markers beyond readily available clinical biomarkers is particularly important in pharmacogenetics. We demonstrate the utility of genetic testing using the example of warfarin in a multi-ethnic setting comprising of three Asian populations that are broadly representative of the genetic diversity for half of the population in the world, especially as distinct interethnic differences in warfarin dose requirements have been previously established. We confirmed the roles of three well-established loci (CYP2C9, VKORC1 and CYP4F2) in explaining warfarin dosage variation in the three Asian populations. In addition, we assessed the relationship between ethnicity and the genotypes of these loci, observing strong correlations at VKORC1 and CYP4F2. Subsequently, we established the additional utility of these genetic factors in predicting warfarin dose beyond ethnicity and clinical biomarkers through performing a series of systematic cross-validation analyses of the relative predictive accuracies of various fixed-dose regimen, clinical and genetic models. Through a pharmacogenetics model for warfarin, we show the importance of genetic testing beyond readily available clinical biomarkers in predicting dose requirements, confirming the role of genetic profiling in personalized medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Precision Medicine/trends
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