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Dual-prism interferometer for collimation testing

Hii KU, Kwek KH

Appl Opt, 2009 Jan 10;48(2):397-400.
PMID: 19137053

An air-wedge lateral-shear interferometer using two prisms is presented. With a variable shear, the interferometer is suitable for testing collimation of a wide range of beam sizes down to a few millimeters in diameter. No antireflection coatings are necessary. Collimation for a light source with short coherent length is also demonstrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan
Theoretical study of surface plasmons with phase singularities generated by evanescent Bessel beams

Al-awfi S

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1461-1466.

We give details about how a surface plasmons with phase singularities can be produced when a Bessel beam light is totally reflected internally at the planar surface of a dielectric on which an infinitesimally thin film has been deposited. The characteristic property of such a light is the exponential decay with distance in a vacuum which can basically provide a two-dimensional surface plasmons with phase singularities with attractive enhancements. Such a phenomenon is governable by altering the incident angle and the order of the Bessel beam.

Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan
Fulltext Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: Our first three-and-a-half years' experience in Malaysia

Liu CC, Mohmood A, Hamzah N, Lau JH, Khaliddin N, Rahmat J

PLoS One, 2020;15(5):e0232249.
PMID: 32357178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232249

AIM: To report our first three-and-a-half years' experience with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) in managing retinoblastoma (RB).
METHODS: Single institution, retrospective, interventional case series of 14 retinoblastoma patients managed with IAC from December 2014 to June 2018. Demographics were described. Outcomes measures were tumor response, treatment complications and globe salvage.
RESULTS: Subjects' mean age at the first administration of IAC was 31.4 months. 57.1% of the eyes were Group D and E retinoblastoma, while 79% were bilateral disease. 93% of the eyes were as secondary treatment. Of 32 IAC cannulations performed, 23 (71.8%) were successful and received chemotherapy drug melphalan. Each eye received a mean of 1.8 (range 1-4) IAC injections. 53% of the eyes showed regression post treatment. After a mean follow up period of 19 months, globe salvage rate was 38%. Most of the adverse effects experienced were localized and transient.
CONCLUSION: IAC has provided an added recourse in the armamentarium of retinoblastoma treatment in our center. IAC treatment is a viable alternative in the treatment of retinoblastoma to salvage globe, for eyes that would conventionally require enucleation especially in bilateral disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan/administration & dosage; Melphalan/therapeutic use*
Autologous stem cell transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma: Practicality in resource-limited countries

Lau SCD, Unni MNM, Teh KH, Aziz MA, Muda Z, Thomas SA, et al.

Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2020 05;67(5):e28176.
PMID: 31965709 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28176
Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan/administration & dosage*
POEMS syndrome

Nyunt WWT, Remli R, Abdul Muttlib FA, Leong CF, Masir N, Tumian NR, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):297-303.
PMID: 29279594 MyJurnal

POEMS syndrome is the syndrome of Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein and typical Skin changes. A 65-year-old lady presented with the 2-day-history of inability to walk, 4-month-history of progressive worsening of muscle weakness of both lower limbs and 1-year-history of progressive worsening of bilateral numbness of lower limbs. Nerve conduction study revealed generalized sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy. She was initially treated as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose prednisolone. However, she had no significant neurological improvement despite getting standard therapy. In addition to peripheral neuropathy, the presence of hepatosplenomegaly, skin changes, polycythaemia and thrombocytosis prompted for further investigations. She was diagnosed as POEMS syndrome based on the presence of two mandatory major criteria [polyneuropathy, monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder (lambda)], one major criterion (sclerotic bone lesions) and three minor criteria (organomegaly, skin changes and thrombocytosis/polycythaemia). She received treatment with melphalan and prednisolone. She achieved clinical improvement and partial response (haematologic and radiological) after six cycles of therapy. We highlight the awareness of this rare syndrome, for patients presenting with peripheral neuropathy and not responding to its standard therapy, by recognizing other associated clinical manifestations and proceeding further diagnostic work-up.

Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan/therapeutic use
Fulltext Gut Bacteria of Columbia livia Are a Potential Source of Anti-Tumour Molecules

Soopramanien M, Khan N, Neerooa BNHM, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Mar 01;22(3):733-740.
PMID: 33773536 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.733

OBJECTIVES: The overall aim was to determine whether gut bacteria of Columbia livia are a potential source of antitumour molecules.
METHODS: Faecal and gut microbiota of Columbia livia were isolated, identified and conditioned media were prepared containing metabolites. Growth inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity and cell survival assays were accomplished against cervical cancer cells. Next, liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry was conducted to elucidate the molecules present.
RESULTS: A plethora of bacteria from faecal matter and gastrointestinal tract were isolated. Selected conditioned media exhibited potent anticancer effects and displayed cytotoxicity to cervical cancer cells at IC50 concentration of 10.65 and 15.19 µg/ml. Moreover, cells treated with conditioned media exhibited morphological changes, including cell shrinking and rounding; indicative of apoptosis, when compared to untreated cells. A total of 111 and 71 molecules were revealed from these gut and faecal metabolites. The identity of 60 molecules were revealed including, dihydroxymelphalan. Nonetheless, 122 molecules remain unidentified and are the subject of future studies.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that gut bacteria of Columbia livia possess molecules, which may have anticancer activities. Further in silico testing and/or high throughput screening will determine potential anticancer properties of these molecules.
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Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan/isolation & purification
Fulltext Primary plasma cell leukaemia in a 39-year-old man

Kasinathan G

BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Jul 23;13(7).
PMID: 32709663 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235543

Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy which is classified into primary (pPCL) and secondary PCL. A 39-year-old Indian man presented to the Department of Hematology with a 2-week history of fever and lethargy. Clinically, he was pale and febrile. Haemogram revealed bicytopenia with leucocytosis. The peripheral blood film portrayed rouleax formation with 45% of circulating plasma cells. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation revealed IgG lambda paraproteinaemia of 48 g/L. Bone marrow aspirate, flow cytometry and trephine were consistent with IgG lambda pPCL. He was treated with six cycles of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone combination chemotherapy followed by high-dose melphalan conditioning and autologous stem cell transplant. Currently, he is in complete remission for the past 18 months and is on oral lenalidomide maintenance therapy. Prognosis is often dismal in pPCL with the median overall survival below 1 year if treatment is delayed.

Matched MeSH terms: Melphalan