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Fulltext The chemokine lymphotactin and its recombinant variants in oral cancer cell regulation

Abdullah Zubir AZ, Whawell SA, Wong TS, Khurram SA

Oral Dis, 2020 Nov;26(8):1668-1676.
PMID: 32562323 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13500

BACKGROUND: The expression of XCR1 receptor and its metamorphic ligand lymphotactin (hLtn) has been shown in cancers but their precise role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood including the significance of the physiologically existing hLtn monomeric (CC3) and dimeric (W55D) confirmations where the latter thought to function as the receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of bioengineered hLtn variants and the role of fibroblasts in XCR1/hLtn expression regulation in oral cancer cells (OCCL).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of XCR1 and hLtn. Recombinant hLtn variants (wild-type, CC3 and W55D mutant) were designed, expressed, purified and evaluated using proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis assays. XCR1 and hLtn expression regulation by fibroblasts was determined using indirect co-culture. XCR1 and hLtn expression in primary and metastatic OSCC tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: hLtn caused a significant decrease in OCCL XCR1 surface protein expression. hLtn CC3 mutant was highly functional facilitating proliferation and migration. Conditioned media from primary cancer-associated and senescent fibroblasts significantly upregulated XCR1 and hLtn mRNA expression in OCCL. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher XCR1 and hLtn expression in metastatic tumour deposits and surrounding stroma compared to primary OSCC tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: The development of hLtn biological mutants, regulation of XCR1 expression by its ligand hLtn and crosstalk with fibroblasts are novel findings suggesting an important role for the XCR1/hLtn axis within the OSCC tumour microenvironment. These discoveries build upon previous studies and suggest that the hLtn/XCR1 axis has a significant role in stromal crosstalk and OSCC progression.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins
Competitive binding of gangliosides and glycophorin to wheat germ agglutinin

Lee PM, Lee KH

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1989 Apr 28;160(2):780-7.
PMID: 2719696

Gangliosides and glycophorin are receptors for wheat germ agglutinin. The competitive binding of these molecules to wheat germ agglutinin is studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy with spin labels attached to the oligosaccharide chains of gangliosides. Evidence shows that glycophorin is more accessible to wheat germ agglutinin binding than gangliosides. The interactions of gangliosides and glycophorin in liposomes is disrupted on low level binding of WGA.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism*
Evidence for Delivery of Abraxane via a Denatured-Albumin Transport System

Hama M, Ishima Y, Chuang VTG, Ando H, Shimizu T, Ishida T

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 May 05;13(17):19736-19744.
PMID: 33881292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03065

Abraxane, an albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticle formulation, is superior to conventional paclitaxel preparations because it has better efficacy against unresectable pancreatic cancer. Previous reports suggest that this better efficacy of Abraxane than conventional paclitaxel preparation is probably due to its transport through Gp60, an albumin receptor on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. The increased tumor accumulation of Abraxane is also caused by the secreted protein acid and rich in cysteine in the tumor stroma. However, the uptake mechanism of Abraxane remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the delivery of Abraxane occurred via different receptor pathways from that of endogenous albumin. Our results showed that the uptake of endogenous albumin was inhibited by a Gp60 pathway inhibitor in the process of endocytosis through endothelial cells or tumor cells. In contrast, the uptake of Abraxane-derived HSA was less affected by the Gp60 pathway inhibitor but significantly reduced by denatured albumin receptor inhibitors. In conclusion, these data indicate that Abraxane-derived HSA was taken up into endothelial cells or tumor cells by a mechanism different from normal endogenous albumin. These new data on distinct cellular transport pathways of denatured albumin via gp family proteins different from those of innate albumin shed light on the mechanisms of tumor delivery and antitumor activity of Abraxane and provide new scientific rationale for the development of a novel albumin drug delivery strategy via a denatured albumin receptor.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors; Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
A newly developed kit for dental apical root resorption detection: efficacy and acceptability

Tan JHS, Yazid F, Kasim NA, Ariffin SHZ, Wahab RMA

BMC Oral Health, 2024 Mar 02;24(1):298.
PMID: 38431618 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04056-5

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of a newly developed kit in dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) detection and compare it with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). User acceptance was also determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of 45 subjects who were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of root resorption using radiographs: normal (RO), mild (RM), and severe (RS). DSPP in GCF samples was analyzed using both methods. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 orthodontists to evaluate future user acceptance.
RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 0.98 and 0.8 respectively. The DSPP concentrations measured using ELISA were the highest in the RS group (6.33 ± 0.85 ng/mL) followed by RM group (3.77 ± 0.36 ng/mL) and the RO group had the lowest concentration (2.23 ± 0.55 ng/mL). The new kit portrayed similar results as the ELISA, the optical density (OD) values were the highest in the RS group (0.62 ± 0.10) followed by RM group (0.33 ± 0.03) and the RO group (0.19 ± 0.06). The differences among all the groups were statistically significant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins
A Perspective on Stem Cells as Biological Systems that Produce Differentiated Osteoblasts and Odontoblasts

Ariffin SH, Manogaran T, Abidin IZ, Wahab RM, Senafi S

Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017;12(3):247-259.
PMID: 27784228 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X11666161026145149

Stem cells (SCs) are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which can be obtained from multiple sources, are suitable for application in regenerative medicine and transplant therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of genomic and proteomic profiling analysis to identify the differentiation of MSCs and HSCs towards osteoblast and odontoblast lineages. In vitro differentiation towards both of these lineages can be induced using similar differentiation factors. Gene profiling cannot be utilised to confirm the lineages of these two types of differentiated cells. Differentiated cells of both lineages express most of the same markers. Most researchers have detected the expression of genes such as ALP, OCN, OPN, BMP2 and RUNX2 in osteoblasts and the expression of the DSPP gene in odontoblasts. Based on their cell-type specific protein profiles, various proteins are differentially expressed by osteoblasts and odontoblasts, except for vimentin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, which are expressed in both cell types, and LOXL2 protein, which is expressed only in odontoblasts.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins/genetics; Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
Effect of different calcium phosphate scaffold ratios on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells

AbdulQader ST, Kannan TP, Rahman IA, Ismail H, Mahmood Z

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Apr;49:225-233.
PMID: 25686943 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.070

Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds have been widely and successfully used with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, it is necessary to investigate the effects of these scaffolds on odontoblast cells' proliferation and differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration. In this study, three different hydroxyapatite (HA) to beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds, BCP20, BCP50, and BCP80, with a mean pore size of 300μm and 65% porosity were prepared from phosphoric acid (H2PO4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sintered at 1000°C for 2h. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability and differentiation of odontoblasts. The high alkalinity, more calcium, and phosphate ions released that were exhibited by BCP20 decreased the viability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) as compared to BCP50 and BCP80. However, the cells cultured with BCP20 extract expressed high alkaline phosphatase activity and high expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), dental matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes as compared to that cultured with BCP50 and BCP80 extracts. The results highlighted the effect of different scaffold ratios on the cell microenvironment and demonstrated that BCP20 scaffold can support HDPC differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
An ex vivo culture model for orthodontically induced root resorption

Wan Hassan WN, Stephenson PA, Waddington RJ, Sloan AJ

J Dent, 2012 May;40(5):406-15.
PMID: 22342686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.002

Root resorption is a ubiquitous although undesirable sequela to orthodontic treatment. Current methods to investigate the pathophysiology have certain limitations. In pursuit to understand and develop treatment modalities for orthodontically induced root resorption, the ability to manipulate cells within their natural extracellular matrix in a three dimensional organotypic model is invaluable. The study aimed to develop a laboratory-based organotypic model to investigate the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontium.

Matched MeSH terms: Sialoglycoproteins/analysis