Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 22 in total

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  1. Ng AH, Ng KH, Dharmendra H, Perkins AC
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2009 Oct;67(10):1864-8.
    PMID: 19049851 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.10.010
    A simple sphere test phantom has been developed for routine performance testing of SPECT systems in situations where expensive commercial phantoms may not be available. The phantom was based on a design with six universal syringe hubs set in the frame to support a circular array of six glass blown spheres of different sizes. The frame was then placed into a water-filled CT abdomen phantom and scanned with a triple head camera system (Philips IRIX, USA). Comparison was made with a commercially available phantom (Deluxe Jaszczak phantom). Whereas the commercial phantom demonstrates cold spot resolution, an important advantage of the sphere test phantom was that hot spot resolution could be easily measured using almost half (370MBq) of the activity recommended for use in the commercial phantom. Results showed that the contrast increased non-linearly with sphere volume and radionuclide concentration. The phantom was found to be suitable as an inexpensive option for daily performance tests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/instrumentation*; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods
  2. Tan HY, Wong YH, Kasbollah A, Md Shah MN, Perkins AC, Yeong CH
    Nucl Med Commun, 2023 Apr 01;44(4):227-243.
    PMID: 36808108 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001665
    Personalised cancer treatment is of growing importance and can be achieved via targeted radionuclide therapy. Radionuclides with theranostic properties are proving to be clinically effective and are widely used because diagnostic imaging and therapy can be accomplished using a single formulation that avoids additional procedures and unnecessary radiation burden to the patient. For diagnostic imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is used to obtain functional information noninvasively by detecting the gamma (γ) rays emitted from the radionuclide. For therapeutics, high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as alpha (α), beta (β - ) or Auger electrons are used to kill cancerous cells in close proximity, whereas sparing the normal tissues surrounding the malignant tumour cells. One of the most important factors that lead to the sustainable development of nuclear medicine is the availability of functional radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear research reactors play a vital role in the production of medical radionuclides for incorporation into clinical radiopharmaceuticals. The disruption of medical radionuclide supplies in recent years has highlighted the importance of ongoing research reactor operation. This article reviews the current status of operational nuclear research reactors in the Asia-Pacific region that have the potential for medical radionuclide production. It also discusses the different types of nuclear research reactors, their operating power, and the effects of thermal neutron flux in producing desirable radionuclides with high specific activity for clinical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  3. Halim F, Yahya H, Jaafar KN, Mansor S
    J Nucl Med Technol, 2021 Sep;49(3):250-255.
    PMID: 33722927 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.120.259168
    Advances in iterative image reconstruction enable absolute quantification of SPECT/CT studies by incorporating compensations for collimator-detector response, attenuation, and scatter. This study aimed to assess the quantitative accuracy of SPECT/CT based on different levels of 99mTc activity (low/high) using different SUV metrics (SUVmean, SUVmax, SUV0.6 max, and SUV0.75 max [the average values that include pixels greater than 60% and 75% of the SUVmax in the volume of interest, respectively]). Methods: A Jaszczak phantom equipped with 6 fillable spheres was set up with low and high activity ratios of 1:4 and 1:10 (background-to-sphere) on background activities of 10 and 60 kBq/mL, respectively. The fixed-size volume of interest based on the diameter of each sphere was drawn on SPECT images using various metrics for SUV quantification purposes. Results: The convergence of activity concentration was dependent on the number of iterations and application of postfiltering. For the background-to-sphere ratio of 1:10 with a low background activity concentration, the SUVmean metric showed an underestimation of about 38% from the actual SUV, and SUVmax exhibited an overestimation of about 24% for the largest sphere diameter. Meanwhile, bias reductions of as much as -6% and -7% for SUV0.6 max and SUV0.75 max, respectively, were observed. SUVmax gave a more accurate reading than the others, although points that exceeded the actual value were detected. At 1:4 and 1:10 background activity of 10 kBq/mL, a low activity concentration attained a value close to the actual ratio. Use of 2 iterations and 10 subsets without postfiltering gave the most accurate values for reconstruction and the best image overall. Conclusion: SUVmax is the best metric in a high- or low-contrast-ratio phantom with at least 2 iterations, 10 subsets, and no postfiltering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*
  4. Hassan HA, Nazri M, Azman RR
    World J Nucl Med, 2012 May;11(2):81-3.
    PMID: 23372443 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.103421
    Technetium (99mTc) exametazime (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime, HMPAO) labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is mainly used to exclude occult infection in our institution. On review of previously published article, no case of popliteal venous aneurysm was ever diagnosed and detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. We present a rare case of popliteal venous aneurysm which was detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and was further confirmed with single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography fusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  5. Sayed IS, Ismail SS
    Int J Biomed Imaging, 2020;2020:9239753.
    PMID: 32308670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9239753
    In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, the choice of a suitable filter and its parameters for noise reduction purposes is a big challenge. Adverse effects on image quality arise if an improper filter is selected. Filtered back projection (FBP) is the most popular technique for image reconstruction in SPECT. With this technique, different types of reconstruction filters are used, such as the Butterworth and the Hamming. In this study, the effects on the quality of reconstructed images of the Butterworth filter were compared with the ones of the Hamming filter. A Philips ADAC forte gamma camera was used. A low-energy, high-resolution collimator was installed on the gamma camera. SPECT data were acquired by scanning a phantom with an insert composed of hot and cold regions. A Technetium-99m radioactive solution was homogenously mixed into the phantom. Furthermore, a symmetrical energy window (20%) centered at 140 keV was adjusted. Images were reconstructed by the FBP method. Various cutoff frequency values, namely, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50 cycles/cm, were selected for both filters, whereas for the Butterworth filter, the order was set at 7. Images of hot and cold regions were analyzed in terms of detectability, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The findings of our study indicate that the Butterworth filter was able to expose more hot and cold regions in reconstructed images. In addition, higher contrast values were recorded, as compared to the Hamming filter. However, with the Butterworth filter, the decrease in SNR for both types of regions with the increase in cutoff frequency as compared to the Hamming filter was obtained. Overall, the Butterworth filter under investigation provided superior results than the Hamming filter. Effects of both filters on the quality of hot and cold region images varied with the change in cutoff frequency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  6. Yeong CH, Abdullah BJ, Ng KH, Chung LY, Goh KL, Perkins AC
    Nucl Med Commun, 2013 Jul;34(7):645-51.
    PMID: 23612704 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32836141e4
    This paper describes the use of gamma scintigraphic and magnetic resonance (MR) fusion images for improving the anatomical delineation of orally administered radiotracers used in gastrointestinal (GI) transit investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*
  7. Thanuja M, Maimanah M, Sara U
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 09;75(5):490-493.
    PMID: 32918415
    BACKGROUND: The role of nuclear medicine in diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) is continuously evolving owing to advancements in imaging methods. In recent years, ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (V/Q SPECT/CT) has established a synergistic role over conventional V/Q planar scintigraphy and V/Q SPECT in diagnosing pulmonary embolism.

    OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to assess the incremental value of V/Q SPECT/CT over conventional V/Q planar scintigraphy and V/Q SPECT, and to determine if Q only-SPECT/CT without the conventional ventilation component could replace the current imaging protocol in diagnosing pulmonary embolism.

    METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 73 patients with suspicion of pulmonary embolism who had undergone/Q planar scintigraphy, V/Q SPECT and V/Q SPECT/CT consecutively. Combination of clinical follow-up, laboratory test results and correlative imaging were used as reference standard. Q-only SPECT/CT datasets were then analysed separately without the V-planar, V-SPECT and V-SPECT/CT datasets.

    RESULTS: A total of 66 patients fulfilled our initial inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 23 patients as positive for PE and 43 patients ruled out of having PE based on the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity for V/P planar scintigraphy, V/Q SPECT, and V/Q SPECT-CT were 86.9% and 39.5%, 91.3% and 55.8%, and 100% and 97.6% respectively. Overall, SPECT/CT resulted in significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than planar and SPECT imaging respectively (p<0.05). Q-only SPECT/CT significantly over diagnosed pulmonary embolism in 12 patients (p<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Adding V/Q SPECT/CT to the algorithm of PE significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity. However, by eliminating the ventilation component, the diagnostic accuracy is significantly reduced.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods*
  8. Masoomi MA, Al-Shammeri I, Kalafallah K, Elrahman HMA, Ragab O, Ahmed E, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2019 Jan;98(4):e14207.
    PMID: 30681596 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014207
    Many discrepancy in selection of proper filter and its parameters for individual cases exists. The authors investigate the impact of the most common filters on patient NM images with coronary artery disease (CAD), and compare the results with the computerized tomography (CT)-Angio and angiography for accuracy.The investigation initiated by performing various single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)/CT scan of the national electrical manufacturers association chest phantoms having hot and cold inserts. Data acquired on GE 670 PRO SPECT/CT; 360Ø, 64 frames, 60 seconds, low energy high resolution (LEHR) 128, low energy general purpose (LEGP) with CT attenuation (120 kV and 170 mA). The images reconstructed with filtered back projection and ITERATIVE ordered-subset expectation maximization utilizing filters; Hann, Butterworth, Metz, Hamming, and Wiener. The Image contrast was calculated to assess absolute nearness of the inserts. Based on the preliminary results, then scans of 92 patients with CAD; 64 males and 28 females, age 41 to 77 years old, who had been reported earlier reprocessed with the nominated filter and were reported by 2 NM expert. The results compared to the earlier reports and to the CT-Angio and angiography.The optimization suggested 3 filters; Wiener (Wi), Metz and Butterworth (But) provide the highest contrast (99- 66.4%) and (81- 32%) for the cold and hot inserts respectively, with the (Wi) filter to be the better option. The reprocessed patients scan with the (Wi) presented an elevated diagnostic accuracy, correlated well with the CT-Angio and angiography results (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/instrumentation*; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods
  9. Jiemy WF, Heeringa P, Kamps JAAM, van der Laken CJ, Slart RHJA, Brouwer E
    Autoimmun Rev, 2018 Jul;17(7):715-726.
    PMID: 29729443 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.006
    Macrophages are key players in the pathogenesis of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) and may serve as a target for diagnostic imaging of LVV. The radiotracer, 18F-FDG has proven to be useful in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), a form of LVV. Although uptake of 18F-FDG is high in activated macrophages, it is not a specific radiotracer as its uptake is high in any proliferating cell and other activated immune cells resulting in high non-specific background radioactivity especially in aging and atherosclerotic vessels which dramatically lowers the diagnostic accuracy. Evidence also exists that the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET drops in patients upon glucocorticoid treatment. Therefore, there is a clinical need for more specific radiotracers in imaging GCA to improve diagnostic accuracy. Numerous clinically established and newly developed macrophage targeted radiotracers for oncological and inflammatory diseases can potentially be utilized for LVV imaging. These tracers are more target specific and therefore may provide lower background radioactivity, higher diagnostic accuracy and the ability to assess treatment effectiveness. However, current knowledge regarding macrophage subsets in LVV lesions is limited. Further understanding regarding macrophage subsets in vasculitis lesion is needed for better selection of tracers and new targets for tracer development. This review summarizes the development of macrophage targeted tracers in the last decade and the potential application of macrophage targeted tracers currently used in other inflammatory diseases in imaging LVV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  10. Mahaletchumy T, AbAziz A
    World J Nucl Med, 2017 Oct-Dec;16(4):303-310.
    PMID: 29033679 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.215496
    The incremental value of single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) over planar bone scintigraphy and SPECT in detecting skeletal lesions in breast cancer patients and its effect on patient management is assessed in this study. This is a prospective study which was conducted over 1-year duration. Whole-body planar scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT were performed in 85 breast cancer patients with total of 128 lesions. Correlative imaging and clinical follow-up was used as the reference standard. McNemar's multistep analysis was performed for each patient and each lesion. On patient-wise analysis, 47 patients had equivocal diagnosis on planar bone scintigraphy, 28 on SPECT, and eight on SPECT-CT. On lesion-wise analysis, there were 72 equivocal lesions on planar bone scintigraphy, 48 on SPECT, and 15 on SPECT-CT. Overall, SPECT-CT resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of equivocal diagnosis on both patient-wise (P < 0.004) and lesion-wise basis (P < 0.004), irrespective of the skeletal region involved. The sensitivity on a per-patient basis was 43%, 58%, and 78% for planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT, respectively. Similarly, the specificity was 85%, 92%, and 94% for planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT, respectively. Patient management was correctly altered in 32% of the patients based on SPECT-CT interpretation. Our data suggest that adding SPECT-CT to whole-body imaging significantly improves sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing bone metastases and significantly reduces the proportion of equivocal diagnosis in all regions of the skeleton. The most important outcome is derived from the accurate alteration in patient management clinically by down- and up-staging of patients and a more precise identification of metastatic extent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  11. Nadeem M, Ahmad M, Saeed MA, Shaari A, Riaz S, Naseem S, et al.
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2015 Jun;9(3):136-41.
    PMID: 26023157 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0012
    Nanoparticles as solid colloidal particles are extensively studied and used as anticancer drug delivery agents because of their physical properties. This current research aims to prepare water base suspension of uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles and their biodistribution study to different organs, especially the brain, by using a single photon emission computed tomography gamma camera. The water-based suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles was synthesised by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method and labelled with Tc99m for intravenous injection. The nanoparticles were injected without surface modification. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used for characterisation. Peaks of XRD and EDS indicate that the particles are magnetite and exist in aqueous suspension. The average diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles without any surface coating determined by TEM is 10 nm. These particles are capable of evading the reticuloendothelial system and can cross the blood-brain barrier in the rabbit. The labelling efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles labelled with Tc99m is 85%, which is good for the biodistribution study. The sufficient amount of iron oxide nanoparticles concentration in the brain as compared with the surrounding soft tissues and their long blood retention time indicates that the water-based suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles may be an option for drug delivery into the brain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  12. Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Moradi Khaniabadi P, Moradi Khaniabadi B, Shahbazi-Gahrouei S
    J Res Med Sci, 2019;24:38.
    PMID: 31143239 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_437_18
    Medical imaging modalities are used for different types of cancer detection and diagnosis. Recently, there have been a lot of studies on developing novel nanoparticles as new medical imaging contrast agents for the early detection of cancer. The aim of this review article is to categorize the medical imaging modalities accompanying with using nanoparticles to improve potential imaging for cancer detection and hence valuable therapy in the future. Nowadays, nanoparticles are becoming potentially transformative tools for cancer detection for a wide range of imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission CT, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, and optical imaging. The study results seen in the recent literature provided and discussed the diagnostic performance of imaging modalities for cancer detections and their future directions. With knowledge of the correlation between the application of nanoparticles and medical imaging modalities and with the development of targeted contrast agents or nanoprobes, they may provide better cancer diagnosis in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  13. Paramsothy M, Khanijow V, Ong TO
    Singapore Med J, 1997 Aug;38(8):347-9.
    PMID: 9364890
    Malignant Otitis Externa (MOE) can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. The outlook is now much improved with the use of ciprofloxacin, but it is important to ascertain that the infection has been completely eradicated before stopping treatment, as undertreatment may lead to a recurrence which is usually more resistant than the initial infection. Gallium-67 Single Photon Emmision Computerised Tomography (SPECT) is a sensitive and cost effective tool in monitoring the disease activity of MOE, and should be used in the assessment of the response to antibiotic therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*
  14. Razavi M, Karimian H, Yeong CH, Sarji SA, Chung LY, Nyamathulla S, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:3125-39.
    PMID: 26124637 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S82935
    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of gastro-retentive matrix tablets having Metformin HCl as model drug and combination of natural polymers. A total of 16 formulations were prepared by a wet granulation method using xanthan, tamarind seed powder, tamarind kernel powder and salep as the gel-forming agents and sodium bicarbonate as a gas-forming agent. All the formulations were evaluated for compendial and non-compendial tests and in vitro study was carried out on a USP-II dissolution apparatus at a paddle speed of 50 rpm. MOX2 formulation, composed of salep and xanthan in the ratio of 4:1 with 96.9% release, was considered as the optimum formulation with more than 90% release in 12 hours and short floating lag time. In vivo study was carried out using gamma scintigraphy in New Zealand White rabbits, optimized formulation was incorporated with 10 mg of (153)Sm for labeling MOX2 formulation. The radioactive samarium oxide was used as the marker to trace transit of the tablets in the gastrointestinal tract. The in vivo data also supported retention of MOX2 formulation in the gastric region for 12 hours and were different from the control formulation without a gas and gel forming agent. It was concluded that the prepared floating gastro-retentive matrix tablets had a sustained-release effect in vitro and in vivo, gamma scintigraphy played an important role in locating the oral transit and the drug-release pattern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*
  15. Lai FM, Liam CK, Paramsothy M, George J
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1997 Dec;1(6):563-9.
    PMID: 9487455
    University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  16. Rohani MFM, Yonan SNM, Tagiling N, Zainon WMNW, Udin Y, Nawi NM
    Asian Spine J, 2020 Oct;14(5):629-638.
    PMID: 32213791 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0308
    STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    PURPOSE: This study aims to semiquantitatively evaluate the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) radionuclide tracer in the normal vertebrae of breast cancer patients using an integrated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) scanner.

    OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Molecular imaging techniques using gamma cameras and stand-alone SPECT have traditionally been utilized to evaluate metastatic bone diseases. However, these methods lack quantitative analysis capabilities, impeding accurate uptake characterization.

    METHODS: A total of 30 randomly selected female breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. The SUV mean (SUVmean) and SUV maximum (SUVmax) values for 286 normal vertebrae at the thoracic and lumbar levels were calculated based on the patients' body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), and lean body mass (LBM). Additionally, 106 degenerative joint disease (DJD) lesions of the spine were also characterized, and both their BW SUVmean and SUVmax values were obtained. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was then performed to determine the cutoff value of SUV for differentiating DJD from normal vertebrae.

    RESULTS: The mean±standard deviations for the SUVmean and SUVmax in the normal vertebrae displayed a relatively wide variability: 3.92±0.27 and 6.51±0.72 for BW, 1.05±0.07 and 1.75±0.17 for BSA, and 2.70±0.19 and 4.50±0.44 for LBM, respectively. Generally, the SUVmean had a lower coefficient of variation than the SUVmax. For DJD, the mean±standard deviation for the BW SUVmean and SUVmax was 5.26±3.24 and 7.50±4.34, respectively. Based on the ROC curve, no optimal cutoff value was found to differentiate DJD from normal vertebrae.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the SUV of 99mTc-MDP was successfully determined using SPECT/CT. This research provides an approach that could potentially aid in the clinical quantification of radionuclide uptake in normal vertebrae for the management of breast cancer patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  17. Suppiah S, Ching SM, Nordin AJ, Vinjamuri S
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):141-146.
    PMID: 29962497
    BACKGROUND: Imaging such as Tc99m-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) amyloid scans are used to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to correlate the ability of these modalities to differentiate Probable AD and Possible AD using the clinical diagnosis as a gold standard. We also investigated the correlation of severity of amyloid deposit in the brain with the diagnosis of AD.

    METHODS: A retrospective study of 47 subjects (17 Probable AD and 30 Possible AD) who were referred for PET/CT amyloid scans to our centre was conducted. Hypoperfusion in the temporo-parietal lobes on Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT and loss of grey-white matter contrast in cortical regions on PET/CT Amyloid scans indicating the presence of amyloid β deposit were qualitatively interpreted as positive for AD. SPECT and PET/CT were also read in combination (Combo reading). The severity of amyloid β deposit was semiquantitatively assessed in a visual binary method using a scale of Grade 0-4. The severity of amyloid β deposit was assessed in a visual binary method and a semi-quantitative method using a scale of Grade 0-4.

    RESULTS: There was significant correlation of Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT, PET/CT amyloid findings and Combo reading with AD. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 87.5%, 73.7%, 58.3% and 93.3% (SPECT); 62.5%, 77.4%, 58.8% and 80.0% (PET/CT) and 87.5%, 84.2%, 70.0% and 30.0% (Combo reading) respectively. The grade of amyloid deposition was not significantly correlated with AD (Spearman's correlation, p=0.687).

    CONCLUSION: There is an incremental benefit in utilizing PET/CT amyloid imaging in cases with atypical presentation and indeterminate findings on conventional imaging of Alzheimer's disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  18. Ramli N, Rahmat K, Lim KS, Tan CT
    Eur J Radiol, 2015 Sep;84(9):1791-800.
    PMID: 26187861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.03.024
    Identification of the epileptogenic zone is of paramount importance in refractory epilepsy as the success of surgical treatment depends on complete resection of the epileptogenic zone. Imaging plays an important role in the locating and defining anatomic epileptogenic abnormalities in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the current MRI sequences used in epilepsy imaging with special emphasis of lesion seen in our practices. Optimisation of epilepsy imaging protocols are addressed and current trends in functional MRI sequences including MR spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging and fusion MR with PET and SPECT are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  19. Hattori R, Matsubara H
    Mol Cell Biochem, 2004 Sep;264(1-2):151-5.
    PMID: 15544044
    Conventional therapies for severe ischemic heart disease are limited in applicability. While several angiogenesis researches have shown novel efficacy, safety and feasibility for clinical use, recently we have started the clinical trial of a sole cell therapy using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation targeted into ischemic hibernating myocardium. Here, we review the background of bone marrow cell research and introduce therapeutic angiogenesis for severe ischemic heart disease by autologous bone marrow cells transplantation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
  20. Aye SM, Lim KS, Ramli NM, Tan CT
    Lupus, 2013 Apr;22(5):510-4.
    PMID: 23358870 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312474705
    This is a case report on an uncommon correlation between periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) and white-matter lesions in cerebral lupus, and with a reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A 47-year-old woman with a long-term history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with a seizure followed by frontal lobe dysfunction clinically. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed bilateral independent PLEDs in the frontal region. A magnetic resonance image of the brain showed white-matter changes in the frontal periventricular region. Cerebral angiogram did not reveal any evidence of vasculitis. A cerebral SPECT with tracer injected during the EEG showing PLEDs showed a reduction in CBF in the frontal regions. Clinical recovery was observed with intravenous immunoglobulin. This case shows that PLEDs can be seen with white-matter changes in SLE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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