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Real time mass flow rate measurement using multiple fan beam optical tomography

Abdul Rahim R, Leong LC, Chan KS, Rahiman MH, Pang JF

ISA Trans, 2008 Jan;47(1):3-14.
PMID: 17709106

This paper presents the implementing multiple fan beam projection technique using optical fibre sensors for a tomography system. From the dynamic experiment of solid/gas flow using plastic beads in a gravity flow rig, the designed optical fibre sensors are reliable in measuring the mass flow rate below 40% of flow. Another important matter that has been discussed is the image processing rate or IPR. Generally, the applied image reconstruction algorithms, the construction of the sensor and also the designed software are considered to be reliable and suitable to perform real-time image reconstruction and mass flow rate measurements.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography/instrumentation*
Electrical Impedance Tomography as a Primary Screening Technique for Breast Cancer Detection

Akhtari-Zavare M, Latiff LA

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(14):5595-7.
PMID: 26320422

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast. It is based on the theory that cancer cells display altered local dielectric properties, thus demonstrating measurably higher conductivity values. This article reviews the utilisation of EIT in breast cancer detection. It could be used as an adjunct to mammography and ultrasonography for breast cancer screening.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography/instrumentation*
Fulltext An oil fraction neural sensor developed using electrical capacitance tomography sensor data

Zainal-Mokhtar K, Mohamad-Saleh J

Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(9):11385-406.
PMID: 24064598 DOI: 10.3390/s130911385

This paper presents novel research on the development of a generic intelligent oil fraction sensor based on Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) data. An artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed as the intelligent system to sense and estimate oil fractions from the cross-sections of two-component flows comprising oil and gas in a pipeline. Previous works only focused on estimating the oil fraction in the pipeline based on fixed ECT sensor parameters. With fixed ECT design sensors, an oil fraction neural sensor can be trained to deal with ECT data based on the particular sensor parameters, hence the neural sensor is not generic. This work focuses on development of a generic neural oil fraction sensor based on training a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN with various ECT sensor parameters. On average, the proposed oil fraction neural sensor has shown to be able to give a mean absolute error of 3.05% for various ECT sensor sizes.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography/instrumentation
Fulltext Advancements in transmitters and sensors for biological tissue imaging in magnetic induction tomography

Zakaria Z, Abdul Rahim R, Mansor MS, Yaacob S, Ayub NM, Muji SZ, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(6):7126-56.
PMID: 22969341 DOI: 10.3390/s120607126

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT), which is also known as Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) or Mutual Inductance Tomography, is among the imaging modalities of interest to many researchers around the world. This noninvasive modality applies an electromagnetic field and is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties of a material that are conductivity, permittivity and permeability. MIT is categorized under the passive imaging family with an electrodeless technique through the use of excitation coils to induce an electromagnetic field in the material, which is then measured at the receiving side by sensors. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges of the MIT technique and summarize the recent advancements in the transmitters and sensors, with a focus on applications in biological tissue imaging. It is hoped that this review will provide some valuable information on the MIT for those who have interest in this modality. The need of this knowledge may speed up the process of adopted of MIT as a medical imaging technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography/instrumentation*
Textitis as Seen on 18F-NaF Imaging Using an Ultra-High-Resolution Positron Emission Mammography Scanner

Usmani S, Rasheed R, Al Kandari F

J Nucl Med Technol, 2020 Jun;48(2):181-183.
PMID: 32111663 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.119.235986

Textitis is a new term used to refer to the degenerative-strain osteoarthritis that comes from excessive use of a smart phone. 18F-NaF is increasingly used in diagnosing skeletal pain that is not identified on radiographs. We report a case of a 26-y-old woman with left breast cancer referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT, who was complaining of right thumb and wrist pain. Findings were negative for bone secondaries. Dedicated hands views were acquired on a positron emission mammography scanner and showed focal uptake at the first carpometacarpal and second metacarpophalangeal joints. On the basis of the strong history, the findings were likely due to active arthritic changes caused by repetitive strain injury from excessive text messaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/instrumentation*
Breast imaging using electrical impedance tomography: correlation of quantitative assessment with visual interpretation

Zain NM, Chelliah KK

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(3):1327-31.
PMID: 24606460

BACKGROUND: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast; allows conducting quantitative assessment of the images besides the visual interpretation. The aim of this study was to correlate the quantitative assessment and visual interpretation of breast electrical impedance tomographs and associated factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty mammography patients above 40 years and undergoing EIT were chosen using convenient sampling. Visual interpretation of the images was carried out by a radiologist with minimum of three years experience using the breast imaging - electrical impedance (BI-EIM) classification for detection of abnormalities. A set of thirty blinded EIT images were reinterpreted to determine the intra-rater reliability using kappa. Quantitative assessment was by comparison of the breast average electric conductivity with the norm and correlations with visual interpretation of the images were determined using Chi-square. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean electrical conductivity between groups and t-test was used for comparisons with pre-existing Caucasians statistics. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the mean electrical conductivity of women with factors like exogenous hormone use and family history of breast cancer.
RESULTS: The mean electrical conductivity of Malaysian women was significantly lower than that of Caucasians (p<0.05). Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography was significantly related with visual interpretation of images of the breast (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative assessment of electrical impedance tomography images was significantly related with visual interpretation.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography/instrumentation
Fulltext Evaluation of bowel distension and mural visualisation using neutral oral contrast agents for multidetector-row computed tomography

Lim BK, Bux SI, Rahmat K, Lam SY, Liew YW

Singapore Med J, 2012 Nov;53(11):732-6.
PMID: 23192500

We compared the effectiveness of different types of non-commercial neutral oral contrast agents for bowel distension and mural visualisation in computed tomographic (CT) enterography.

Matched MeSH terms: Multidetector Computed Tomography/instrumentation*
Fulltext 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography and the "underground map" appearance in imaging Horton's arteritis

Abdul Jalil N, Abdul Rahim N, Md Shalleh N, Rossetti C

Singapore Med J, 2008 Jul;49(7):e178-82.
PMID: 18695852

A majority of the clinical use of positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) is related to cancer management. Its application in evaluating inflammatory diseases and pyrexia of unknown origin is becoming popular. We reviewed the fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT findings of an 80-year-old woman with nonspecific clinical presentation consisting of generalised malaise, moderately high fever and weight loss. Prior CT and magnetic resonance imaging were not helpful in providing a clinical diagnosis. The diagnosis was Horton's arteritis, and the patient responded well to high-dose steroids.

Matched MeSH terms: Positron-Emission Tomography/instrumentation
The quantification of PET-CT radiotracers to determine minimal scan time using quadratic formulation

Said MA, Musarudin M, Zulkaffli NF

Ann Nucl Med, 2020 Dec;34(12):884-891.
PMID: 33141408 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01543-x

OBJECTIVE: 18F is the most extensively used radioisotope in current clinical practices of PET imaging. This selection is based on the several criteria of pure PET radioisotopes with an optimum half-life, and low positron energy that contributes to a smaller positron range. In addition to 18F, other radioisotopes such as 68Ga and 124I are currently gained much attention with the increase in interest in new PET tracers entering the clinical trials. This study aims to determine the minimal scan time per bed position (Tmin) for the 124I and 68Ga based on the quantitative differences in PET imaging of 68Ga and 124I relative to 18F.
METHODS: The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) procedure guidelines version 2.0 for FDG-PET tumor imaging has adhered for this purpose. A NEMA2012/IEC2008 phantom was filled with tumor to background ratio of 10:1 with the activity concentration of 30 kBq/ml ± 10 and 3 kBq/ml ± 10% for each radioisotope. The phantom was scanned using different acquisition times per bed position (1, 5, 7, 10 and 15 min) to determine the Tmin. The definition of Tmin was performed using an image coefficient of variations (COV) of 15%.
RESULTS: Tmin obtained for 18F, 68Ga and 124I were 3.08, 3.24 and 32.93 min, respectively. Quantitative analyses among 18F, 68Ga and 124I images were performed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast recovery coefficients (CRC), and visibility (VH) are the image quality parameters analysed in this study. Generally, 68Ga and 18F gave better image quality as compared to 124I for all the parameters studied.
CONCLUSION: We have defined Tmin for 18F, 68Ga and 124I SPECT CT imaging based on NEMA2012/IEC2008 phantom imaging. Despite the long scanning time suggested by Tmin, improvement in the image quality is acquired especially for 124I. In clinical practice, the long acquisition time, nevertheless, may cause patient discomfort and motion artifact.

Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/instrumentation*