MyMedR

Fulltext Spontaneous bladder perforation: a rare complication of tuberculosis

Kong CH, Ali SA, Singam P, Hong GE, Cheok LB, Zainuddin ZM

Int J Infect Dis, 2010 Sep;14 Suppl 3:e250-2.

PMID: 20117032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.10.006

Spontaneous bladder perforation secondary to tuberculosis (TB) is very rare. Only three cases have been reported so far in the literature. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis of spontaneous bladder perforation is often missed. Confirmation of TB via culture takes a long time and starting empirical treatment for TB is necessary. We relate our experience with a young woman who presented with clinical features of a perforated appendix and was only diagnosed with bladder perforation during laparotomy. She also had distal right ureteral stricture and left infundibular stenosis. The provisional diagnosis of TB was attained via typical histopathological features and a positive Mantoux test. She was started empirically on anti-TB treatment and recovered without any complications. Urine culture after 6 weeks confirmed the diagnosis of TB.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital/complications*; Tuberculosis, Urogenital/diagnosis; Tuberculosis, Urogenital/drug therapy

Fulltext A long journey to be diagnosed as a case of tuberculous cystitis: A Bangladeshi case report and review of literatures

Chowdhury TS, Naser MF, Haque M

Int J Mycobacteriol, 2020 8 31;9(3):248-253.

PMID: 32862156 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_101_20

Urinary bladder tuberculosis (UB-TB) is one of the gravest public health issues of renal TB, and it is diagnosed with <50% of urogenital TB. Unsatisfactory and delayed diagnosis with imprudent medications for bladder TB frequently resulted in several urinary and complications, including contraction of the UB. The objectives of this research were to build awareness among medical professionals and subsequently minimize the sufferings of patients. This was a case report-based study regarding UB-TB. All routine tests for cystitis were conducted. In addition, 24-h urine sample for TB identification, including a polymerase chain reaction test, was performed. Twenty-four hours of urine sample revealed confirmatory findings of TB. The patient had responded well with the national TB guideline-designated medication. Recurrent cystitis had a higher possibility of tuberculous origin. Medical doctors must rethink when a patient visited multiple times for cystitis for the etiology of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital/diagnosis*; Tuberculosis, Urogenital/drug therapy; Tuberculosis, Urogenital/urine

Fulltext Tuberculous prostatic abscess in an immunocompromised patient

Lee PY, Ong TA, Dayangku Norlida AO

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(3):145-7.

PMID: 25606207 MyJurnal

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital

Fulltext Genitourinary tuberculosis: an atypical clinical presentation

Lim PS, Atan IK, Naidu A

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol, 2012;2012:727146.

PMID: 23320216 DOI: 10.1155/2012/727146

Genitourinary tuberculosis is one of the common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We report a case of atypical genitourinary tuberculosis: massive uterovaginal prolapse with cervical lesion mimicking cervical carcinoma. This particular case highlights the problem of healthcare in most of the developing countries. Lack of patient education, awareness, and access to a healthcare system resulted in a complicated situation. In an endemic area or in an immunocompromised individual, a higher index of suspicion would allow early recognition and treatment institution to minimise its late consequences as well as spreading of the disease. Though anti-TB is the mainstay of treatment, surgical intervention might be needed in selected cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital

Fulltext Tuberculosis of the prostate presenting as benign prostatic hyperplasia

Fazarina, M., Tan, G.H., Badrulhisham, B., Shiran, M.S., Tan, G.C.

Medicine & Health, 2013;8(2):85-88.

MyJurnal

Genitourinary system is the second most common site of tuberculosis (TB) after pulmonary system. Tuberculosis of the prostate is a rare manifestation of genitourinary tuberculosis. It is even more uncommon if occurring in an immune-competent individual. Prostate TB is usually an incidental finding in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Here, we report a case of TB of the prostate in a 70-year-old man who had benign prostatic hyperplasia for two years. TB was diagnosed incidentally post-TURP. In this report, we also discuss additional tests which may help in establishing the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital

Fulltext A Rare Case of Purulent Pericardial TB

Johari MI, Ramli AW, Mat Lawi F, Bin Fouzi MAH, Suardi KPS

Cureus, 2019 Aug 09;11(8):e5356.

PMID: 31608191 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5356

Pericardial effusion is a common disease and tuberculosis (TB) accounts up to 4% of acute pericarditis with up to 7% of tamponade case. Accurate diagnosis is important while quick intervention can be life-saving. A case was reported involving a 73-year-old man who presented with reduced effort tolerance for one-month duration. During hospitalization, further workup revealed the presence of massive purulent pericardial effusion with evidence of tamponade. TB gene expert was positive in aspirated pericardial fluid and the patient was treated promptly using a combination of anti-TB drugs with the addition of steroid therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital

Meta-analysis: the association between HIV infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Naing C, Mak JW, Maung M, Wong SF, Kassim AI

Lung, 2013 Feb;191(1):27-34.

PMID: 23180033 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9440-6

BACKGROUND: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been an AIDS-defining condition. Individual studies that highlight the association between HIV and extrapulmonary TB are available. Our objectives were to synthesis evidence on the association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV and to explore the effective preventive measures of these two diseases.

METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of observational studies reporting effect estimates on how HIV is associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We searched for the eligible studies in the electronic databases using search terms related to HIV and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Where possible, we estimated the summary odds ratios using random effects meta-analysis. We stratified analysis by the type of study design. We assessed heterogeneity of effect estimates within each group of studies was assessed using I (2) test.

RESULTS: Nineteen studies (7 case control studies and 12 cohort studies) were identified for the present study. The pooled analysis shows a significant association between HIV and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (summary odds ratio: 1.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.6; I (2): 0 %). In a subgroup analysis with two studies, a significant association was found between CD4+ count less than 100 and the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (summary OR: 1.31; 95 % CI 1.02-1.68; I (2): 0 %).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings show evidence on the association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV, based on case control studies. Further studies to understand the mechanisms of interaction of the two pathogens are recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Urogenital/epidemiology*

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