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Fulltext Isolation of salmonella from unusual sites in the body

Jegathesan M

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):289-91.
PMID: 6544935

During the period 1971-1982, 57 salmonella strains other than S. typhi and S. paratyphi were isolated from sites other than stools and blood. Cerebrospinal fluid was the commonest specimen followed by urine and pus. The commonest serotypes of the 22 encountered were S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. Twenty-four of the 57 patients were children under one year of age. These findings highlight the need to remember the unusual manifestation of salmonellosis in differential diagnoses.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology*
Midstream urine culture and sensitivity test is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or infected stones: a prospective clinical study

Mariappan P, Loong CW

J Urol, 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2142-5.
PMID: 15126773

PURPOSE: This prospective study was performed to determine if midstream urine (MSU) culture and sensitivity (C&S) alone could adequately predict infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or the infected stones. Can pelvic urine C&S predict infected stones?
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed on all patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy and lithotripsy for ureteral stones with obstruction between December 1, 2000 and January 31, 2002. We obtained MSU, renal pelvic urine and fragmented stones for culture and sensitivity. An analysis of the data was performed to assess statistical association.
RESULTS: A total of 73 patients who fulfilled the criteria were recruited. Of these patients 25 (34.3%) had positive stone culture, 43 (58.9%) had positive pelvic urine and 21 (28.8%) patients had positive MSU C&S. Stone and pelvic C&S were positive simultaneously in 17 (23.3%) cases, MSU and stone C&S were positive in 8 (10.9%) cases, whereas pelvic and MSU C&S were positive in 13 (16.4%) cases (p = 0.03). MSU C&S had a sensitivity of 30.2% and specificity of 73% to detect pelvic urine C&S positivity. MSU C&S had a low positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) in relation to infected pelvic urine (positive predictive value = 0.62, NPV = 0.42). Pelvic urine C&S had a NPV of 0.73 in detecting noninfected stones.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that in obstructive uropathy secondary to a stone MSU C&S is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstruction and infected stones.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology*
The pattern of bacteriological cultures in a state laboratory

Lim Swee Eng, Bin Mohamed Hussain AH

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):103-8.
PMID: 4276266
Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology
Fulltext That's Not Supposed to Be There: An Unusual Finding on Urinalysis

Chin Tan G, Stalling M, Boue D, Pyle-Eilola A, Kahwash SB

Clin Chem, 2017 10;63(10):1660-1661.
PMID: 28963134 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.271437
Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology
Purple urine with shock

Seak CJ, Lim MWX, Seak JC, Goh ZNL, Seak CK

QJM, 2020 06 01;113(6):434-435.
PMID: 31816086 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz314
Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology*
Fulltext Rapid detection of pathogenic leptospires by lyophilized reagent-based polymerase chain reaction

Lee SV, Tai ES, Mutalib AR, Khairani-Bejo S, Bahaman AR

Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):497-505.
PMID: 22433877 MyJurnal

A simple and reliable tool for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis is urgently needed. We report the development of a lyophilized reagent-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting lipL32 gene, which is present only in pathogenic leptospires. To determine the effectiveness of the newly developed assay in the early diagnosis of leptospirosis, the sensitivity and specificity was evaluated. In simulated clinical samples, the assay was able to detect 10² and 10³ leptospires/ml in spiked urine and blood samples, respectively. In experimentally infected animals, leptospiral DNA could be detected in blood and lung samples as early as Day 1 post infection. This assay was also shown to be stable and remained sensitive for up to five months at ambient temperature. Hence, this lyophilized reagent-based PCR assay with high specificity, sensitivity and stability would provide a simple, rapid and reliable method in diagnosing acute leptospirosis, especially in the field of veterinary medicine.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital

Tiwari S, Sahu M, Rautaraya B, Karuna T, Mishra SR, Bhattacharya S

J Indian Med Assoc, 2011 Nov;109(11):800-1.
PMID: 22666934

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a nosocomial pathogen in early 1960s, causing Increasing number of outbreaks in 19708, first reported in a teaching hospital in Malaysia in 1972, causing increased mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Aim of this study is to screen out MRSA from various clinical samples and to see their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. From May 2008 to May 2009, 204 S aureus strains were isolated, out of which 114 (55.8%) were MRSA, and rest methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Most of the MRSA strains were obtained from pus (45%) followed by urine (20.5%). Frequency of isolating MRSA were maximum in catheter tip (80%) followed by blood (66.7%) and pus (58.7%). MRSA strains were showing 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and Iinezolid, whereas 92.9% to teicoplanin. Therefore it is concluded that antibiotics other than vancomycin can be used as anti-MRSA agents after sensitivity test, as well as irrational and indiscriminate use of antibiotics can be avoided.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology
Fulltext Non-typhoidal Salmonella blood stream infection in Kuwait: Clinical and microbiological characteristics

Albert MJ, Bulach D, Alfouzan W, Izumiya H, Carter G, Alobaid K, et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019 04;13(4):e0007293.
PMID: 30986214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007293

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered to be an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. We studied this in two tertiary hospitals-Al Farwaniya and Al Amiri-in Kuwait, a subtropical country, from April 2013-May 2016. NTS bacteremia was present in 30 of 53,860 (0.75%) and 31 of 290,36 (1.33%) blood cultures in the two hospitals respectively. In Al Farwaniya hospital, one-third of the patients were from some tropical developing countries of Asia. About 66% of all patients (40/61) had diarrhea, and of these, 65% had the corresponding blood serovar isolated from stool culture. A few patients had Salmonella cultured from urine. Patients were either young or old. Most of the patients had co-morbidities affecting the immune system. Two patients each died in both hospitals. The number of different serovars cultured in each hospital was 13, and most infections were due to S. Enteritidis (all sequence type [ST]) 11) and S. Typhimurium (all ST19) except in a subgroup of expatriate patients from tropical developing countries in Al Farwaniya hospital. About a quarter of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most patients were treated with a cephalosporin with or without other antibiotics. S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates were typed by pulsed field-gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a selected number of isolates were whole-genome sequenced. Up to four different clades were present by PFGE in either species. Whole-genome sequenced isolates showed antibiotic-resistance genes that showed phenotypic correlation, and in some cases, phenotypes showed absence of specific genes. Whole-genome sequenced isolates showed presence of genes that contributed to blood-stream infection. Phylogeny by core genome analysis showed a close relationship with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from other parts of the world. The uniqueness of our study included the finding of a low prevalence of infection, mortality and multidrug-resistance, a relatively high prevalence of gastrointestinal infection in patients, and the characterization of selected isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars by whole-genome sequencing that shed light on phylogeny, virulence and resistance. Similarities with studies from developing countries especially Africa included infection in patients with co-morbidities affecting the immune system, predominance of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars and presence of drug-resistance in isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology
Prostatitis-like symptoms: diagnosis and management in a Malaysian primary care population

Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Khan N, Cheah PY, et al.

Urol Int, 2009;82(1):32-7.
PMID: 19172094 DOI: 10.1159/000176022

BACKGROUND: Little is known about how primary care physicians (PCPs) in Asia diagnose and manage prostatitis-like symptoms. This study investigated the clinical diagnosis of and care provided for prostatitis-like symptoms by PCPs in a Malaysian population, and compared these findings to reports from other areas.
METHODS: All members of the Penang Private Medical Practitioners' Society were asked to complete a self-administered survey. Nonresponders were contacted after 3 weeks and received a telephone request after 6 weeks.
RESULTS: Of the 786 practitioners contacted, 669 considered themselves to be PCPs, including 279 (42%) who responded to the survey. Adult males with prostatitis-like symptoms typically constitute <1% of the patients seen by PCPs. Most PCPs (72%) believe that prostatitis-like symptoms are caused by bacterial infection. 61% of PCPs base their diagnosis of prostatitis-like symptoms on clinical history, a physical examination and dipstick urinalysis. Standard management was to prescribe 1 or 2 courses of antimicrobials.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the 8.7% prevalence found in a previous survey in this population, prostatitis remains underdiagnosed in Malaysia. In contrast to many other clinical settings, urologists in Malaysia see a large proportion of newly diagnosed and treatment-naive prostatitis patients, providing an opportunity for clinical diagnostic and treatment studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Urine/microbiology