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Biosocial variances and infant survival: a path analysis approach

Frisch AS, Kallen DJ, Griffore RJ, Dolanski EA

J Biosoc Sci, 1992 Apr;24(2):175-83.
PMID: 1583032

This study used path analysis to assess the chances of survival of babies in a neonatal intensive care unit in Lansing, Michigan, USA. Two paths to neonatal survival were identified and the variables accounted for 20% of the variance in gestational age. The first path showed that prior infant losses were negatively correlated with gestational age while in the second path, gestational age showed negative relationships with pre-pregnancy weight and household job worries.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
The effect of facilitated tucking on procedural pain control among premature babies

Lopez O, Subramanian P, Rahmat N, Theam LC, Chinna K, Rosli R

J Clin Nurs, 2015 Jan;24(1-2):183-91.
PMID: 25060423 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12657

To determine the effectiveness of facilitated tucking in reducing pain when venepuncture is being performed on preterm infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
Fulltext Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Yeo KT, Kong JY, Sasi A, Tan K, Lai NM, Schindler T

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019 10 28;2019(10).
PMID: 31684689 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012888.pub2

BACKGROUND: Feeding practices around the time of packed red blood cell transfusion have been implicated in the subsequent development of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Specifically, it has been suggested that withholding feeds around the time of transfusion may reduce the risk of subsequent NEC. It is important to determine if withholding feeds around transfusion reduces the risk of subsequent NEC and associated mortality.
OBJECTIVES: • To assess the benefits and risks of stopping compared to continuing feed management before, during, and after blood transfusion in preterm infants • To assess the effects of stopping versus continuing feeds in the following subgroups of infants: infants of different gestations; infants with symptomatic and asymptomatic anaemia; infants who received different feeding schedules, types of feed, and methods of feed delivery; infants who were transfused with different blood products, at different blood volumes, via different routes of delivery; and those who received blood transfusion with and without co-interventions such as use of diuretics • To determine the effectiveness and safety of stopping feeds around the time of a blood transfusion in reducing the risk of subsequent necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants SEARCH METHODS: We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 11), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (1966 to 14 November 2018); Embase (1980 to 14 November 2018); and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to 14 November 2018). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, and quasi-RCTs.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared stopping feeds versus continuing feeds around the time of blood transfusion in preterm infants.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality, and extracted data from the included studies.
MAIN RESULTS: The search revealed seven studies that assessed effects of stopping feeds during blood transfusion. However, only one RCT involving 22 preterm infants was eligible for inclusion in the review. This RCT had low risk of selection bias but high risk of performance bias, as care personnel were not blinded to the study allocation. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate changes in mesenteric blood flow, and no cases of NEC were reported in any of the infants included in the trial. We were unable to draw any conclusions from this single study. The overall GRADE rating for quality of evidence was very low.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Randomised controlled trial evidence is insufficient to show whether stopping feeds has an effect on the incidence of subsequent NEC or death. Large, adequately powered RCTs are needed to address this issue.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
Fulltext Early onset neonatal septicaemia in a level II nursery

Malik AS, Pennie RA

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Mar;49(1):17-23.
PMID: 8057985

A prospective study of 486 high risk neonates admitted to a level II nursery in a relatively poor and rural area of Malaysia was carried out to determine the incidence, the spectrum of micro-organisms and predisposing factors in relation to early onset septicaemia. The incidence of proven or probable septicaemia was 57.61 per 1000 high risk newborns over 1.5 kg. The case fatality was 10.71 per cent. Coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus Group B and Klebsiella species were the most commonly isolated organisms. Meconium staining of liquor was the most common risk factor for admission to the nursery, and prematurity was the most significant risk factor for early neonatal infection (P < 0.005) followed by small for gestational age (P < 0.04). Although the incidence of septicaemia was quite high in the level II nursery, the mortality rate was comparable to established figures.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
Fulltext Risk factors associated with necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units

Boo NY, Cheah IG

Singapore Med J, 2012 Dec;53(12):826-31.
PMID: 23268157

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW; weight < 1,501 g) infants in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology