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Effect of oxytocin on plasma testosterone levels in the male macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Tan GJ, Kwan TK

Contraception, 1987 Sep;36(3):359-67.
PMID: 3677679

The effect of oxytocin on testicular function was examined in the adult male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). The monkeys were either infused with increasing concentrations of synthetic oxytocin (16-128 m.i.u./min for 3 h) or injected daily for a week with the same hormone (20 i.u., i.v.) and the plasma testosterone levels measured. The results of the present study show that acute infusion or chronic injection of oxytocin does not significantly affect the plasma testosterone levels, suggesting that systemic control of testicular endocrine function by oxytocin may be unimportant.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/pharmacology*
Interaction between oxytocin and 'sidaverin' on the gravid and non-gravid rat uterus

Lutterodt GD

Pharmacol Res, 1995 Jul-Aug;32(1-2):89-94.
PMID: 8668653 DOI: 10.1016/S1043-6618(95)80014-X

Sidaverin, a crystalline compound extracted from a polar fraction of Sida veronicaefolia (Lam), elicited oxytocin-like contractions in the non-gravid rat isolated uterus preparation with a concentration-response relationship. Equipotent concentrations of oxytocin and sidaverin, using matched responses, were approximately 0.16 U and 0.4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Sidaverin-induced contractile response was atropine reversible. The concentration-response curves for sidaverin and oxytocin were parallel, and both responses were inhibited by the specific oxytocin antagonist, Atosiban, indicating possible involvement of oxytocin receptors in the action of sidaverin. There were potentiation of action of one drug to that of the other, irrespective of the order of administration and even after washing off the first before introducing the second drug. In the gravid uterus, sidaverin produced contractions in preparations from day 1 to day 6 or 7, caused relaxation in days 7-11, and elicited contractions in day 11 through term, the sensitivity of the preparations increasing exponentially toward term with strong sustained contractions. With the exception of days 7-11, when sidaverin antagonized oxytocin action, it potentiated action of oxytocin on the gravid uterus.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/pharmacology*
Inhibition of rat testicular microsomal steroidogenesis by oxytocin and metyrapone

Kwan TK, Gower DB

Biochem. Int., 1988 Apr;16(4):629-37.
PMID: 3390195

Capillary gas chromatographic 'steroid profiling' has been utilised to separate and quantify the metabolites (derivatized as methyloximes and/or trimethylsilyl ethers) formed from pregnenolone after incubation with rat testicular microsomes. A wide range of steroid metabolites was found, indicating that both the 5-ene and 4-ene pathways of testosterone biosynthesis were operating, as well as 16 alpha-hydroxylation, 20 beta-reduction and the formation of several C19 steroids (the 16-androstenes). At the concentration used, Metyrapone markedly inhibited 16 alpha- and 17-hydroxylation and side-chain cleavage of 17-hydroxylated C21 steroids. 16-Androstene production was also markedly inhibited and the formation of other metabolites was affected to lesser extents. Oxytocin abolished the formation of all C21 and C19 metabolites of pregnenolone.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/pharmacology*
Fulltext Cost effectiveness analysis of carbetocin during cesarean section in a high volume maternity unit

Voon HY, Shafie AA, Bujang MA, Suharjono HN

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2018 Jan;44(1):109-116.
PMID: 29027315 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13486

AIM: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of carbetocin compared to oxytocin when used as prophylaxis against post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean deliveries.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the use of carbetocin to oxytocin in the context of cesarean deliveries. Cost effectiveness analysis was then performed using secondary data from the perspective of a maternity unit within the Malaysian Ministry of Health, over a 24 h time period.
RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials with over 2000 patients comparing carbetocin with oxytocin during cesarean section were identified. The use of carbetocin in our center, which has an average of 3000 cesarean deliveries annually, would have prevented 108 episodes of PPH, 104 episodes of transfusion and reduced the need for additional uterotonics in 455 patients. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of carbetocin for averting an episode of PPH was US$278.70.
CONCLUSION: Reduction in retreatment, staffing requirements, transfusion and potential medication errors mitigates the higher index cost of carbetocin. From a pharmacoeconomic perspective, in the context of cesarean section, carbetocin was cost effective as prophylaxis against PPH. Ultimately, the relative value placed on the outcomes above and the individual unit's resources would influence the choice of uterotonic.

Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/pharmacology