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  1. Nawawi H, Girgis SI
    PMID: 12755282
    Vitamin D deficiency in adults causes osteomalacia where there is a defect in bone mineralization resulting in an excess of unmineralised osteoid in the bone matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the markers of bone formation: total (TALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) and procollagen type I carboxyterminal peptide (PICP) in vitamin D deficiency. We studied 100 vitamin D deficient subjects and 82 gender-matched controls. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 7 ng/ml, and greater than 10 ng/ml for normal controls. Serum TALP assay was performed by a standard automated method, BSALP and PICP were measured by enzyme immunoassays (Metra Biosystems) and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. There was significant difference in the TALP between female vitamin D deficient and control subjects (mean +/- sem = 99.8 +/- 8.2 vs 70.5 +/- 2.8 iu/l, p<0.001). Elevated serum TALP (>130 iu/l) was found in 20% (20/100) of the vitamin D deficient patients. There were no significant differences in BSALP or PICP between vitamin D deficient patients and gender-matched control subjects. There was no correlation between vitamin D and PICP in patients but in control subjects, a significant negative correlation (r= -0.431, p<0.0001) was found. In conclusion, although elevated TALP was observed in a minority of vitamin D deficient patients, it is a better marker than PICP. The lack of PICP response in vitamin D deficient subjects suggests the possibility of vitamin D deficiency leading to a block in osteoblast differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Procollagen/blood*
  2. Tan KM, Saw S, Sethi SK
    J Clin Lab Anal, 2013 Jul;27(4):301-4.
    PMID: 23852789 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21602
    BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to determine the normal ranges of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3) (25-OHD(3)), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the markers of bone turnover, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), in normal healthy women in Singapore, and to explore the relationship between vitamin D, PTH, and these markers of bone turnover in the women.

    METHODS: One hundred and ninety-seven healthy women, aged 25 to 60, were selected from a hospital staff health screening program; 68% were Chinese, 18% Malay, and 14% Indian. P1NP, CTX, and 25-OHD(3) were measured using the Roche Cobas® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum PTH was measured using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® immunoassay.

    RESULTS: Sixty-five percent had 25-OHD(3) concentrations <50 nmol/l. Vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD(3) < 50 nmol/l) was more prevalent in Malays (89%) and Indians (82%) compared to Chinese (56%). There was no correlation between vitamin D and age. PTH positively correlated with age, and Malays and Indians had higher PTH concentrations than Chinese. There was an inverse correlation between PTH and 25-OHD(3), but no threshold of 25-OHD(3) concentrations at which PTH plateaued. The bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX inversely correlated with age but were not different between ethnic groups. CTX and P1NP exhibited good correlation, however, there was no significant correlation between 25-OHD(3) or PTH concentrations and the bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX.

    CONCLUSIONS: Healthy women in Singapore have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in Malays and Indians compared to Chinese.

    Matched MeSH terms: Procollagen/blood
  3. Kruger MC, Chan YM, Lau LT, Lau CC, Chin YS, Kuhn-Sherlock B, et al.
    Eur J Nutr, 2018 Dec;57(8):2785-2794.
    PMID: 28975432 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1544-6
    PURPOSE: In Malaysia, hip fracture incidence is higher in Chinese women than other ethnic groups. This study compared the effects of a high-calcium vitamin D fortified milk with added FOS-inulin versus regular milk over 1 year on aspects of bone health in Chinese postmenopausal women in Malaysia.

    METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-one women (mean age 59 (± 4) years) were randomized into two groups: control (n = 60; regular milk, 428 mg calcium per day) or intervention (n = 61; fortified milk at 1200 mg calcium, 96 mg magnesium, 2.4 mg zinc, 15 μg vitamin D and 4 g FOS-inulin per day). At baseline, weeks 12, 24, 36 and 52, parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTx-1), Procollagen I Intact N-Terminal propeptide (PINP) and vitamin D levels were assessed. Bone density (BMD) was measured at baseline and week 52 using a GE Lunar iDXA.

    RESULTS: Body mass index, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD did not differ between groups at baseline. Over 52 weeks, mean plasma 25 (OH) D3 levels increased to 74.8 nmol/L (intervention group) or remained at 63.1 nmol/L (control group) (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Procollagen/blood
  4. Bokhari RA, Lau SF, Mohamed S
    Menopause, 2018 02;25(2):202-210.
    PMID: 28926512 DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000980
    OBJECTIVE: Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) or Misai Kucing (Java tea) is a popular herbal supplement from Southeast Asia for various metabolic, age-related diseases. This study investigated the potential use of OS leaf extracts to ameliorate osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

    METHODS: Fifty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 7): SHAM (healthy sham control); OVX (ovarietomized) nontreated rats (negative control); OVX + Remifemin (100 mg/kg body weight), and 2% green tea extract (positive controls); OVX + OS 50% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, both at either 150 or 300 mg/kg. After 16 weeks, the rats' bones and blood were evaluated for osteoporosis indicators (protein and mRNA expressions), micro-computed tomography for bone histomorphometry, and three-point bending test for tibia mechanical strength.

    RESULTS: The extracts dose-dependently and significantly (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Procollagen/blood
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