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  1. Virulence of Malaysian isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi in mice
    Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, Devi S
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002 Sep;33(3):565-9.
    PMID: 12693592
    The pathogenicity of Malaysian isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi was investigated by a mouse virulence assay. The isolates could be differentiated as low (4 isolates), moderately (3 isolates) and highly virulent (2 isolates) based on the different responses in infected mice. No direct correlation between severity of human scrub typhus infections and virulence of the O. tsutsugamushi in mice was observed. Mice infected with virulent strains of O. tsutsugamushi showed splenomegaly, ascitis accumulation and enlargement of kidneys and livers whereas avirulent O. tsutsugamushi strains were asymptomatic and exhibited ruffled fur for a short period after infection. There was low antibody response in mice infected with isolates of low pathogenicity as compared with those of highly virulent isolates. Upon dissection of the infected mice, enlargement of mouse organs such as spleen, kidney and liver was noted. Presence of rickettsemia in mice was confirmed by the growth of O. tsutsugamushi in the L929 cells when inoculated with blood from infected mice. O. tsutsugamushi was also cultured from the peritoneal exudates of the infected mice. However, DNA of O. tsutsugamushi was only detected in the peritoneal exudates (by PCR) and blood (by cell culture) and not from other tissue samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Splenomegaly/pathology
  2. Hypoechoic liver in fetuses with trisomy 21
    Omar PM, Lim WT, Ting YH, Lao TT, Law KM, Cheung AHK, et al.
    J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2019 Oct;32(19):3315-3317.
    PMID: 29631451 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1459556
    The association between hypoechoic hepatomegaly in the third trimester and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) was reported previously in six fetuses with trisomy 21 (T21). We report a series of three cases of T21 in which hypoechoic liver (HL) was found in the second trimester but without evidence of TAM on both hematological and histological examination. We postulate that the hypo-echogenicity may be due to liver congestion secondary to hemodynamic disturbances seen in T21 fetuses. All three cases had negative first trimester Down syndrome screening and one case was detected solely because of the isolated finding of HL. HL per se may be associated with T21 and more positive cases are required to support this association.
    Matched MeSH terms: Splenomegaly/pathology
  3. Fulltext Combined analysis of ZAP-70 and CD38 expression in sudanese patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Basabaeen AA, Abdelgader EA, BaHashwan OS, Babekir EA, Abdelateif NM, Bamusa SA, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2019 May 23;12(1):282.
    PMID: 31122288 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4319-8
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ZAP-70 and CD38 expressions and their combined expressions in Sudanese B-CLL patients and their relationships with clinical and hematological characteristics as well as the disease staging at presentation.

    RESULTS: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, analysis of ZAP-70 expression showed that 36/110 (32.7%) patients positively expressed ZAP-70 and insignificant higher presentation in intermediate and at advanced stages as well as no correlation was seen with hematological parameters and clinical features compared with negatively ZAP-70, on the other hand, 41/110 (37.3%) were CD38+ and no significant correlation was shown with the stage at presentation, clinical characteristics (except Splenomegaly, P = 0.02) and hematological parameters. However, in combined expressions of both ZAP-70 and CD38 together, 20/110 (18.2%) were concordantly ZAP-70+/CD38+, 53/110 (48.2%) concordantly ZAP-70-/CD38- and 37/110 (33.6%) either ZAP-70+ or CD38+, and these three groups showed insignificant correlation with clinical (except Splenomegaly, P = 0.03) and hematological parameters, and the stage at presentation. Our data showed the combined analysis of these two markers, lead to classify our patients into three subgroups (either concordant positive, negative or discordant expressions) with statistically insignificant correlation with clinical presentation (except Splenomegaly), hematological parameters and stage at presentation of B-CLL patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Splenomegaly/pathology
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