Browse publications by year: 2006

  1. Preventing a surgical complication during cesarean delivery in a morbidly obese patient: a simple apparatus to retract the abdominal panniculus
    Viegas CM, Viegas OA
    MedGenMed, 2006 Feb 21;8(1):52.
    PMID: 16915182
    Obesity is no longer just a "Western" problem, as evidenced by an increase in prevalence of up to 75% in parts of the developing world. It is important to transfer experience from the developed world to developing countries in an attempt to prepare for the inevitable health and economic problems. This case report highlights an unusual intraoperative complication that has medical and medico-legal implications. A simple apparatus designed to retract the panniculus of an obese patient might reduce complications when performing abdominal surgery in such cases.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cesarean Section/instrumentation*; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Complications/etiology*; Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control*; Obesity, Morbid/complications*; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications*; Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal
  2. Fulltext The use of text messaging to improve attendance in primary care: a randomized controlled trial
    Leong KC, Chen WS, Leong KW, Mastura I, Mimi O, Sheikh MA, et al.
    Fam Pract, 2006 Dec;23(6):699-705.
    PMID: 16916871
    BACKGROUND: Non-attendance is common in primary care and previous studies have reported that reminders were useful in reducing broken appointments.
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a text messaging reminder in improving attendance in primary care.
    DESIGN:
    Multicentre three-arm randomized controlled trial.
    SETTING: Seven primary care clinics in Malaysia. Participants. Patients (or their caregivers) who required follow-up at the clinics between 48 hours and 3 months from the recruitment date. Interventions. Two intervention arms consisted of text messaging and mobile phone reminders 24-48 hours prior to scheduled appointments. Control group did not receive any intervention. Outcome measures. Attendance rates and costs of interventions.
    RESULTS: A total of 993 participants were eligible for analysis. Attendance rates of control, text messaging and mobile phone reminder groups were 48.1, 59.0 and 59.6%, respectively. The attendance rate of the text messaging reminder group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group (odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.17, P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in attendance rates between text messaging and mobile phone reminder groups. The cost of text messaging reminder (RM 0.45 per attendance) was lower than mobile phone reminder (RM 0.82 per attendance).
    CONCLUSIONS: Text messaging reminder system was effective in improving attendance rate in primary care. It was more cost-effective compared with the mobile phone reminder.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Appointments and Schedules*; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Patient Participation; Research Design; Cell Phones/economics
  3. Reduced metals concentrations of water, sediment and hyalella azteca from lakes in the vicinity of the sudbury metal smelters, Ontario, Canada
    Shuhaimi-Othman M, Pascoe D, Borgmann U, Norwood WP
    Environ Monit Assess, 2006 Jun;117(1-3):27-44.
    PMID: 16917696
    Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda), water and sediments from 12 circum-neutral lakes between Sudbury and North Bay in Ontario, Canada were sampled in August 1998 and analyzed for 10 metals including Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Co, Mo, V, Ba and Ti. Statistical analyses showed that concentrations of the metals in H. azteca, water and sediment differed significantly (ANOVA, P<0.05) among lakes (except for Zn and Pb in H. azteca and Mo in water). There was a trend of declining metal concentration, especially for Cu, Ni and Co (in water, Hyalella and sediment), with distance from the smelters indicating the reduced impact of atmospheric pollution. Metal concentrations of lakes (water) in the Sudbury area were found to be lower compared to data from the 1970s and 1980s indicating an improvement in water quality. Metal concentrations in field-collected amphipods compared favorably with those measured in the laboratory in animals exposed to deep-water sediments, provided metal concentrations were not extremely low (e.g., Pb) and that water chemistry differences (e.g., pH) were taken into account for some metals (especially Cd). In general bioaccumulation of metals in H. azteca was predicted better from surface water than from sediment total metal.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Chemical Industry*; Crustacea/chemistry*; Fresh Water; Metals/analysis*; Ontario; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Geologic Sediments/chemistry*
  4. In silico analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei genome sequence for potential drug targets
    Chong CE, Lim BS, Nathan S, Mohamed R
    In Silico Biol. (Gedrukt), 2006;6(4):341-6.
    PMID: 16922696
    Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have enabled elucidation of whole genome information from a plethora of organisms. In parallel with this technology, various bioinformatics tools have driven the comparative analysis of the genome sequences between species and within isolates. While drawing meaningful conclusions from a large amount of raw material, computer-aided identification of suitable targets for further experimental analysis and characterization, has also led to the prediction of non-human homologous essential genes in bacteria as promising candidates for novel drug discovery. Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis to identify essential genes in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Our in silico prediction has identified 312 essential genes which could also be potential drug candidates. These genes encode essential proteins to support the survival of B. pseudomallei including outer-inner membrane and surface structures, regulators, proteins involved in pathogenenicity, adaptation, chaperones as well as degradation of small and macromolecules, energy metabolism, information transfer, central/intermediate/miscellaneous metabolism pathways and some conserved hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Therefore, our in silico approach has enabled rapid screening and identification of potential drug targets for further characterization in the laboratory.
    MeSH terms: Genes, Bacterial/drug effects; Humans; Software; Genome, Bacterial*; Burkholderia pseudomallei/drug effects*; Burkholderia pseudomallei/genetics*; Burkholderia pseudomallei/pathogenicity; Computational Biology; Genomics/statistics & numerical data; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics; Databases, Genetic
  5. Fulltext A randomised control trial of clingfilm for prevention of hypothermia in term infants during phototherapy
    Boo NY, Chew EL
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):757-62.
    PMID: 16924356
    This study aimed to compare the core, abdominal wall, and plantar temperatures of well jaundiced term infants undergoing phototherapy with or without clingfilm covering the lower two-thirds of the upper end of their bassinets.
    MeSH terms: Body Temperature*; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hypothermia/etiology; Hypothermia/prevention & control*; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal/therapy*; Male; Nurseries, Hospital; Phototherapy/adverse effects*; Phototherapy/instrumentation; Protective Devices; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
  6. Fulltext Predictors of failed closure of patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin
    Boo NY, Mohd-Amin I, Bilkis AA, Yong-Junina F
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):763-8.
    PMID: 16924357
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine predictors of failed closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) following a single course of indomethacin in symptomatic preterm infants.
    Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 60 preterm infants weighing less than 1,750 g with symptomatic PDA confirmed by echocardiography. At a median age of 7.0 days (interquartile range 4.0), they were given indomethacin of 0.1 mg/kg/day intravenously daily for six days. Closure of PDA was reassessed by echocardiography upon completion of therapy.
    Results: The PDA of 40 percent (n=24) of these infants remained patent. Forward logistic regression analysis showed that the only significant predictors of failed PDA closure in these infants were: PDA size (adjusted odds-ratio [OR] is 7.0; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] of OR is 2.0, 24.8; p-value is 0.002), birth weight (adjusted OR is 0.996; 95 percent CI of OR is 0.993, 1.000; p-value is 0.03) and platelet count (adjusted OR is 0.987; 95 percent CI is 0.975, 1.000; p-value is 0.045). Gestational age, maternal age and left atrium/aorta ratios were not significant predictors.
    Conclusion: Larger PDA, lower birth weight and lower platelet count were significant predictors of high failure in indomethacin therapy given late at one week of life.
    MeSH terms: Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/drug therapy*; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/ultrasonography; Female; Humans; Indomethacin/administration & dosage; Indomethacin/therapeutic use*; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature*; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Male; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/administration & dosage; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use*; Treatment Failure; Risk Assessment; Observation; Empirical Research
  7. Fulltext Impact of pre-dilution and flushing on continuous renal replacement therapy
    Koh KH
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):785-95.
    PMID: 16924361
    Infusing the replacement solution before the filter (pre-dilution) and regular flushing have not been accounted for in conventional mathematical equations. Their effects on various continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) parameters, such as ultrafiltration fraction and urea clearance, have not been well studied. We incorporated these parameters into mathematical equations to help in understanding and prescribing CRRT.
    MeSH terms: Blood Flow Velocity; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Intensive Care Units; Kidney Diseases/therapy*; Models, Theoretical*; Software; Urea/blood; Hemodialysis Solutions*; Hemodiafiltration/instrumentation; Hemodiafiltration/methods*; Renal Plasma Flow
  8. Fulltext Evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load as a prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Tan EL, Looi LM, Sam CK
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):803-7.
    PMID: 16924363
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important cancer in Malaysia and is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in this country. This study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic values in the quantitative relationship between the cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load and the tumour burden.
    MeSH terms: DNA, Viral/blood*; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics*; Humans; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood; Case-Control Studies; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Viral Load; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications*; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology; Cell Line, Tumor
  9. Inhibitory effect of oxalic acid on bacterial spoilage of raw chilled chicken
    Anang DM, Rusul G, Radu S, Bakar J, Beuchat LR
    J Food Prot, 2006 Aug;69(8):1913-9.
    PMID: 16924917
    Oxalic acid was evaluated as a treatment for reducing populations of naturally occurring microorganisms on raw chicken. Raw chicken breasts were dipped in solutions of oxalic acid (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%, wt/vol) for 10, 20, and 30 min, individually packed in oxygen-permeable polyethylene bags, and stored at 4 degrees C. Total plate counts of aerobic bacteria and populations of Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae on breasts were determined before treatment and after storage for 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. The pH and Hunter L, a, and b values of the breast surface were measured. Total plate counts were ca. 1.5 and 4.0 log CFU/g higher on untreated chicken breasts after storage for 7 and 14 days, respectively, than on breasts treated with 0.5% oxalic acid, regardless of dip time. Differences in counts on chicken breasts treated with water and 1.0 to 2.0% of oxalic acid were greater. Populations of Pseudomonas spp. on chicken breasts treated with 0.5 to 2.0% oxalic acid and stored at 4 degrees C for 1 day were less than 2 log CFU/g (detection limit), compared with 5.14 log CFU/g on untreated breasts. Pseudomonas grew on chicken breasts treated with 0.5% oxalic acid to reach counts not exceeding 3.88 log CFU/g after storage for 14 days. Counts on untreated chicken exceeded 8.83 log CFU/g at 14 days. Treatment with oxalic acid caused similar reductions in Enterobacteriaceae counts. Kocuria rhizophila was the predominant bacterium isolated from treated chicken. Other common bacteria included Escherichia coli and Empedobacter brevis. Treatment with oxalic acid caused a slight darkening in color (decreased Hunter L value), retention of redness (increased Hunter a value), and increase in yellowness (increased Hunter b value). Oxalic acid has potential for use as a sanitizer to reduce populations of spoilage microorganisms naturally occurring on raw chicken, thereby extending chicken shelf life.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Chickens/microbiology*; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects*; Enterobacteriaceae/growth & development; Food Handling/methods*; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation/methods; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immersion; Pseudomonas/drug effects*; Pseudomonas/growth & development; Temperature; Time Factors; Colony Count, Microbial; Reducing Agents/pharmacology*; Oxalic Acid/pharmacology*
  10. Rotavirus and other enteropathogens in childhood acute diarrhoea: a study of two centres in Malaysia
    Lee WS, Rajasekaran G, Pee S, Karunakaran R, Hassan HH, Puthucheary SD
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2006 Sep;42(9):509-14.
    PMID: 16925536
    To study the role of rotavirus in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in two urban hospitals in Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Campylobacter/isolation & purification; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea/microbiology; Diarrhea/epidemiology; Diarrhea/virology*; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification; Female; Gastroenteritis/microbiology; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology; Gastroenteritis/virology*; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Malaysia; Male; Prospective Studies; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*; Rotavirus Infections/virology; Rotavirus/isolation & purification; Seasons; Age Distribution
  11. Fulltext Melioidosis in children from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sam IC, Puthucheary SD
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 2006 Sep;26(3):219-24.
    PMID: 16925959
    There are few data on paediatric melioidosis in endemic areas outside rural north-eastern Thailand and northern Australia. This study reports 16 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis in children aged < or = 15 years seen between 1976 and 2005 at an urban teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Seven (43.8%) patients had septicaemic melioidosis (with three known deaths) and nine (56.2%) had localised disease (one death). Eleven (68.8%) patients had underlying diseases, including five with haematological malignancies. Skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes were most commonly affected. There were no cases of parotitis or pharyngocervical disease (seen in Thailand), or encephalomyelitis (seen in Australia). The differences in disease seen in this study compared with the mostly rural patients described in previous studies might be owing to a different patient population in an urban environment. Septicaemic melioidosis has a high mortality, but localised disease has a good prognosis, and selected cases may be cured without the full recommended treatment regimen.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaysia; Male; Melioidosis/diagnosis*; Melioidosis/therapy; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Urban Health; Treatment Outcome
  12. An abdominal mass owing to Penicillium marneffei in an HIV-infected 7-year-old boy: case report
    Othman N, Yip CW, Intan HI, Zainuddin Z, Amran F
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 2006 Sep;26(3):259-62.
    PMID: 16925966
    A 7-year-old boy, referred with lymphoma, presented with prolonged fever and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy demonstrated on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. Blood culture isolated Penicillium marneffei. The patient was subsequently proven serologically to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole was successful. A high level of clinical suspicion and awareness is necessary for early diagnosis of penicilliosis, especially in an era of an increasing prevalence of HIV in this region.
    MeSH terms: Abdomen; Child; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases/microbiology; Lymphatic Diseases/radiography; Male; Mycoses/diagnosis*; Penicillium*; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis*
  13. Effect of Centella asiatica L (Umbelliferae) on normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing in Wistar Albino rats
    Shetty BS, Udupa SL, Udupa AL, Somayaji SN
    Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2006 Sep;5(3):137-43.
    PMID: 16928669
    Centella asiatica is a reputed medicinal plant used in the treatment of various skin diseases in the Indian system of medicine. The objective of the study presented in this article was to evaluate the wound-healing potential of the ethanolic extract of the plant in both normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing. The study was done on Wistar albino rats using incision, excision, and dead space wounds models. The extract of C asiatica significantly increased the wound breaking strength in incision wound model compared to controls (P < .001). The extract-treated wounds were found to epithelize faster, and the rate of wound contraction was significantly increased as compared to control wounds (P < .001). Wet and dry granulation tissue weights, granulation tissue breaking strength, and hydroxyproline content in a dead space wound model also increased at statistically significant levels as shown. The extract of the leaves had the effect of attenuating the known effects of dexamethasone healing in all wound models (P < .001, P < .05). The results indicated that the leaf extract promotes wound healing significantly and is able to overcome the wound-healing suppressing action of dexamethasone in a rat model. These observations were supported by histology findings.
    MeSH terms: Administration, Topical; Animals; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage*; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage*; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use; Male; Phytotherapy/methods*; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage*; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use; Wound Healing/drug effects*; Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy*; Wounds and Injuries/pathology; Treatment Outcome; Rats, Wistar; Centella*; Rats
  14. Informed consent in medical treatment: conflict or consensus
    Matta AM
    Med Law, 2006 Jun;25(2):319-39.
    PMID: 16929809
    The author reviews the legal theory and practice of the requirements for informed consent. He uses a discussion of relevant cases and judgements from courts in the UK, USA, Australia and Malaysia to illustrate apparently conflicting attitudes exemplified by these cases. From this he aims to form some consensus in their application to everyday practice.
    MeSH terms: Australia; Great Britain; Humans; Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence*; Malaysia; United States
  15. Daphnifolin, a new xanthone from Mesua daphnifolia (Guttiferae)
    Ee GC, Lim CK, Ong GP, Sukari MA, Lee HL
    J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2006 Sep;8(6):567-70.
    PMID: 16931434
    A new tetraoxygenated xanthone, daphnifolin (1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone), along with three other xanthones, were isolated from the stem bark extracts of Mesua daphnifolia. Their structures were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.
    MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plants/chemistry*; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Plant Bark/chemistry; Xanthones/chemistry*
  16. Evaluation of tracheal diameter after surgical tracheostomy
    Sivakumar K, Prepageran N, Raman R
    Am J Otolaryngol, 2006 Sep-Oct;27(5):310-3.
    PMID: 16935173 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.01.007
    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the narrowing of the trachea in head and neck surgical patients who had undergone elective tracheostomy.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study. Twenty-five patients were included in this study. All these patients had a preoperative elective tracheotomy, preceding major head and neck surgery for head and neck malignancies. An x-ray of the lateral soft tissue neck was taken after a minimum of 6 weeks after the dissimulation of tracheotomy tube. Diameter of the trachea above the stoma (around 2 cm below the cricoid ring that can be clearly seen in lateral x-ray corresponding to the second tracheal ring) was taken as controls. Data were entered into a computer database and statistically analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 12.0; SPSS, Chicago, Ill). In addition to descriptive statistics for all patients, inferential statistics were used to compare the 2 tracheal diameters across all patients and within the subgroups of men and women. Associations between outcome and other variables were evaluated statistically using an chi 2 test for the categorical data. Other parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used when appropriate. Criterion for statistical significance was set at P < .05 (Student t test and 2-tailed test).
    RESULTS: From this study, 92% (23/25) patients developed narrowing of trachea, all less than 50%. Very early decanulation of tracheotomy shows low or no narrowing at all. There is gradual narrowing in patients in whom dissimulations were performed after 14 days. Ethnicities of Indian decent (13/25) predominate in this study population. Male patients in this study have shorter decanulation period compared with female.
    CONCLUSIONS: Elective surgical tracheotomy is a relatively safe procedure resulting in minimum asymptomatic tracheal stenosis.
    Study site: University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Trachea/pathology; Tracheal Stenosis/etiology*; Tracheal Stenosis/radiography; Tracheostomy/adverse effects*; Chi-Square Distribution
  17. Shigellosis in Kobe City, Japan, after school excursion to Malaysia and Singapore
    Kimura T, Inoue A, Kawakami Y, Shirai C
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2006 Aug;59(4):274.
    PMID: 16936352
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology; Dysentery, Bacillary/epidemiology*; Humans; Japan; Malaysia; Male; Schools; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification*; Singapore; Travel*
  18. Epithelial migration of the postmyringoplasty tympanic membrane
    Deong KK, Prepageran N, Raman R
    Otol Neurotol, 2006 Sep;27(6):855-8.
    PMID: 16936572
    To determine whether the postmyringoplasty tympanic membrane (TM) behaves in a similar way compared with a healthy nonoperated eardrum by calculating and comparing the epithelial migration rate and pattern.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Cell Movement*; Epithelial Cells/cytology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myringoplasty/adverse effects*; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Tympanic Membrane/pathology*; Case-Control Studies; Tympanic Membrane Perforation/surgery
  19. Neural networks aided stone detection in thick slab MRCP images
    Logeswaran R
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2006 Aug;44(8):711-9.
    PMID: 16937213
    This paper proposes a detection scheme for identifying stones in the biliary tract of the body, which is examined using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), a sequence of magnetic resonance imaging targeted at the pancreatobiliary region of the abdomen. The scheme enhances the raw 2D thick slab MRCP images and extracts the biliary structure in the images using a segment-based region-growing approach. Detection of stones is scoped within this extracted structure, by highlighting possible stones. A trained feedforward artificial neural network uses selected features of size and average segment intensity as its input to detect possible stones in MRCP images and eliminate false stone-like objects. The proposed scheme achieved satisfactory results in tests of clinical MRCP thick slab images, indicating potential for implementation in computer-aided diagnosis systems for the liver.
    MeSH terms: Algorithms; Humans; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods; Neural Networks (Computer)*; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance/methods*
  20. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in cancerous and normal colonic tissues
    Gam LH, Leow CH, Man CN, Gooi BH, Singh M
    World J Gastroenterol, 2006 Aug 21;12(31):4973-80.
    PMID: 16937492
    AIM: To identify and analyze the differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous tissues of four patients suffering from colon cancer.

    METHODS: Colon tissues (normal and cancerous) were homogenized and the proteins were extracted using three protein extraction buffers. The extraction buffers were used in an orderly sequence of increasing extraction strength for proteins with hydrophobic properties. The protein extracts were separated using the SDS-PAGE method and the images were captured and analyzed using Quantity One software. The target protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion with trypsin and finally analyzed using an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometer.

    RESULTS: A total of 50 differentially expressed proteins in colonic cancerous and normal tissues were identified.

    CONCLUSION: Many of the identified proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of similar or other types of cancers. However, some of the identified proteins have not been reported before. In addition, a number of hypothetical proteins were also identified.

    MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/metabolism; Aged; Colon/metabolism*; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism*; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Gene Expression Regulation*; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis; Mass Spectrometry; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
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