Browse publications by year: 2013

  1. Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV, Mohd Noor NA
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1895-903.
    PMID: 23679290
    BACKGROUND: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice and associated factors among university students in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management and Science University. This study was approved by its ethical committee , the students being explained the objective and invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysis t-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0.

    RESULTS: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of 22.1±2.21 (SD) years. The majority were 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income ≥5000 Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcohol and 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake and avoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006, p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001; respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthly family income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sun protection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) and that age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking non- prescribed medication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influenced the practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered when planning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are to be encouraged.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Alcohol Drinking*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Life Style*; Malaysia; Male; Neoplasms/etiology; Neoplasms/prevention & control; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Smoking*; Students/psychology*; Universities; Exercise*; Young Adult
  2. Ghani WM, Doss JG, Jamaluddin M, Kamaruzaman D, Zain RB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1957-63.
    PMID: 23679299
    OBJECTIVE: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among a selected group of Malaysians.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groups aged ≥15 years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05.

    RESULTS: Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit. Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oral cancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness (p<0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the risk habits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media and health campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, gender and age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oral cancer, respectively.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Attitude to Health; Awareness*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms/etiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology; Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Marital Status; Young Adult
  3. Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1969-74.
    PMID: 23679301
    The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and associated factors regarding colorectal cancer screening among university students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle practice and knowledge of colorectal screening. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students (21.3±1.4 years old). The majority of the participants were Malay with a monthly family income of less than 5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (equal to 1,700 USD) (67.0% and 76.0%, respectively). Regarding their lifestyle practices, the majority were non-smokers and had never consumed alcohol (83.7%, and 88.0%, respectively). The majority of the participants had no knowledge of digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, barium enema and fecal occult blood screening (63.3%, 60.7%, 74.0% and 62.3%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that their age and the discipline which the students were studying significantly influenced their level of knowledge about colorectal screening. The present study results indicate that education campaigns about colorectal cancer should be promoted.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Colonoscopy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia; Male; Mass Screening*; Occult Blood; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Students/statistics & numerical data*; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control; Early Detection of Cancer; Young Adult
  4. Razali RM, Bee PC, Gan GG
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):2029-32.
    PMID: 23679313
    BACKGROUND: The geriatric population in Malaysia is predicted to increase from 4% of the total population in 1998 to 9.8% by 2020, in parallel with developments in the socioeconomy. Cancer is expected to be a major medical issue among this population. However, the decision for treatment in Malaysia is always decided by the caregivers instead of the elderly patients themselves.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the willingness to accept chemotherapy among elderly Malaysians.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 60 and above from various clinics/wards were recruited. Those giving consent were interviewed using a questionnaire.

    RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were recruited, 35 patients (47%) with a history of cancer. The median age was 73 years old. There were 29 Chinese (38.7%), 22 Indian (29.3%), 20 Malay (26.7%) and four other ethnicity patients. Some 83% and 73% of patients willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively. Patients with cancer were more willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy compared to the non-cancer group (88.6% vs 62.5%, P=0.005, 94% vs 80%, P=0.068). On sub-analysis, 71.4% and 42.9% of Chinese patients without a history of cancer were not willing to receive strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: The majority of elderly patients in UMMC were willing to receive chemotherapy if they had cancer. Experience with previous treatment had positive influence on the willingness to undergo chemotherapy.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use*; Attitude to Health*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Surveys; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Neoplasms/psychology*; Patient Acceptance of Health Care*; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires
  5. Mohamed NA, Muhamad M
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):2043-8.
    PMID: 23679316
    The purpose of this study ??s to profile older breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. In a survey study, ? custom made questionnaire was administered to 69 breast cancer patients and survivors between 60 and 84 years of age in Peninsular Malaysia. The main ethnic group recorded was Chinese, followed by Malay and Indian. The majority of women were married (87%) and had children (84.1%). Just over half (53.6%) had primary and secondary education, whereas 24.7% had higher education. Fifty five percent of the study participants made their own decision on treatment, 60.8% exercised at least 3 times in a week, and 56.6% sought information from specialists. Our study suggests that older breast cancer survivors are aware of the importance of exercise in their daily lives and make attempts to be cancer free (e.g. doing exercise, recreational activity and have good relationships with friends and family).
    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms/mortality; Breast Neoplasms/psychology*; Breast Neoplasms/therapy; Decision Making*; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Exercise*; Survival Rate; Survivors/psychology*; Consumer Health Information*
  6. Rashid RM, Dahlui M, Mohamed M, Gertig D
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):2141-6.
    PMID: 23679334
    Cervical cancer is the third most common form of cancer that strikes Malaysian women. The National Cancer Registry in 2006 and 2007 reported that the age standardized incidence (ASR) of cervical cancer was 12.2 and 7.8 per 100,000 women, respectively. The cumulative risk of developing cervical cancer for a Malaysian woman is 0.9 for 74 years. Among all ethnic groups, the Chinese experienced the highest incidence rate in 2006, followed by Indians and Malays. The percentage cervical cancer detected at stage I and II was 55% (stage I: 21.0%, stage II: 34.0%, stage III: 26.0% and stage IV: 19.0%). Data from Ministry of Health Malaysia (2006) showed a 58.9% estimated coverage of pap smear screening conducted among those aged 30-49 years. Only a small percentage of women aged 50-59 and 50-65 years old were screened, 14% and 13.8% coverage, respectively. Incidence of cervical cancer was highest (71.6%) among those in the 60-65 age group (MOH, 2003). Currently, there is no organized population-based screening program available for the whole of Malaysia. A pilot project was initiated in 2006, to move from opportunistic cervical screening of women who attend antenatal and postnatal visits to a population based approach to be able to monitor the women through the screening pathway and encourage women at highest risk to be screened. The project was modelled on the screening program in Australia with some modifications to suit the Malaysian setting. Substantial challenges have been identified, particularly in relation to information systems for call and recall of women, as well as laboratory reporting and quality assurance. A cost-effective locally-specific approach to organized screening, that will provide the infrastructure for increasing participation in the cervical cancer screening program, is urgently required.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Australia/epidemiology; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/economics; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Mass Screening*; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Vaginal Smears; Incidence; Early Detection of Cancer; Young Adult; Papanicolaou Test
  7. Selvaraj J, Murugappan M, Wan K, Yaacob S
    Biomed Eng Online, 2013;12:44.
    PMID: 23680041 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-12-44
    Identifying the emotional state is helpful in applications involving patients with autism and other intellectual disabilities; computer-based training, human computer interaction etc. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, being an activity of the autonomous nervous system (ANS), reflect the underlying true emotional state of a person. However, the performance of various methods developed so far lacks accuracy, and more robust methods need to be developed to identify the emotional pattern associated with ECG signals.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Electrocardiography/methods*; Emotions*; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted*; Statistics as Topic; Nonlinear Dynamics*; Young Adult
  8. Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A
    Chem Cent J, 2013;7:85.
    PMID: 23680098 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-85
    α-Mangostin was extracted with methanol from the rind of mangosteen fruit and purified by using silica gel column chromatography technique. The compound is characterised using infrared, (13)C and (1)H NMR as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The α-mangostin dispersion in colloidal systems was studied by incorporating it with an ionic microgel, poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-2VP at different pH.
  9. Othman N, Mohamed Z, Yahya MM, Leow VM, Lim BH, Noordin R
    Exp Parasitol, 2013 Aug;134(4):504-10.
    PMID: 23680184 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.05.001
    Entamoeba histolytica is a causative agent of amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and is endemic in many underdeveloped countries. We investigated antigenic E. histolytica proteins in liver abscess aspirates using proteomics approach. Pus samples were first tested by real-time PCR to confirm the presence of E. histolytica DNA and the corresponding serum samples tested for E. histolytica-specific IgG by a commercial ELISA. Proteins were extracted from three and one pool(s) of pus samples from ALA and PLA (pyogenic liver abscess) patients respectively, followed by analysis using isoelectric focussing, SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Unpurified pooled serum samples from infected hamsters and pooled human amoebic-specific IgG were used as primary antibodies. The antigenic protein band was excised from the gel, digested and analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-MS/MS. The results using both primary antibodies showed an antigenic protein band of ∼14kDa. Based on the mass spectrum analysis, putative tyrosine kinase is the most probable identification of the antigenic band.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology; Antigens, Protozoan/isolation & purification*; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Entamoeba histolytica/genetics; Entamoeba histolytica/immunology*; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Cricetinae; Humans; Immunoglobulin G/blood; Isoelectric Focusing; Liver Abscess, Amebic/immunology*; Liver Abscess, Amebic/parasitology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Mesocricetus; Suppuration/immunology; Suppuration/parasitology; Blotting, Western; Protozoan Proteins/genetics; Protozoan Proteins/immunology; Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification*; DNA, Protozoan/analysis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  10. Abougalambou SS, Abougalambou AS
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2013;7(2):64-7.
    PMID: 23680242 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.034
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Microalbuminuria is early stage of diabetic nephropathy as well as a marker of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic outpatients, attending a diabetic clinic in University Sains Malaysia Hospital (HUSM).
    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study design was used in the data collection process. The study sample consists of 1066 type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients who fit the inclusion criteria. All the patients were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinics from HUSM. The study period was from January till December 2008. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed if the urinary albumin excretion more than 30 mg/g of creatinine.
    RESULTS: A total of 1661 patients were included in this study. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed in 273 (25.4%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that microalbuminuria was positively associated with duration of hypertension (P=0.044), HbA1c (P=0.004), systolic blood pressure (<0.001), creatinine clearance (P=0.007) and the presence of neuropathy (P=0.004).
    CONCLUSION: High prevalence of microalbuminuria was in type 2 diabetic outpatients. Predictive factors for microalbuminuria were duration of hypertension, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance and the presence of neuropathy. The study suggests the need to screen for microalbuminuria early and the active management of modifiable risk factors in particular, hyperglycemia, hypertension and creatinine clearance, to reduce the burden of end-stage renal disease in the future.

    Study site: diabetic outpatient clinics from HUSM
    MeSH terms: Aged; Albuminuria/diagnosis; Albuminuria/epidemiology*; Albuminuria/urine; Creatinine/urine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, University; Hospitals, University*; Humans; Hypertension/diagnosis; Hypertension/epidemiology; Hypertension/urine; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Prevalence
  11. Abougalambou SS, Abougalambou AS
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2013 Apr-Jun;7(2):83-6.
    PMID: 23680246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.019
    INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is extremely common disease found in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighty to 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will develop hypertension, and about 20% of hypertensive patients develop diabetes. The aim of this study was designed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and factors affecting the control of hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1077 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this study who attended at diabetes clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) teaching hospital in Kelantan. All these patients were prospectively followed from January to December 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of variables on hypertension.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension (BP>130/80 or on medication for high blood pressure) was 92.7%. A total 471 (47.2%) patients had achieved blood pressure targets ≤ 130/80 mmHg. The logistic regression indicated that hypertension was positively associated with age (P=0.040), BMI (P=0.027), HbA1c (P=0.046), and level of education (P=0.039).
    CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a common co-morbidity among diabetic patients. Hypertension was not controlled to the recommended levels of blood pressure in about one-half (52.8%) of diabetes patients. Age, BMI, HbA1c and level of education are factors affecting on hypertension.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure/physiology*; Blood Pressure Determination/methods; Blood Pressure Determination/standards*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, Teaching/methods*; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hypertension/diagnosis; Hypertension/ethnology*; Hypertension/therapy; Life Style/ethnology*; Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Prevalence
  12. Ong C, Dokos S, Chan B, Lim E, Al Abed A, Bin Abu Osman NA, et al.
    PMID: 23680359 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-35
    Despite the rapid advancement of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), adverse events leading to deaths have been frequently reported in patients implanted with LVADs, including bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, neurological dysfunction and hemolysis. Cannulation forms an important component with regards to thrombus formation in assisted patients by varying the intraventricular flow distribution in the left ventricle (LV). To investigate the correlation between LVAD cannula placement and potential for thrombus formation, detailed analysis of the intraventricular flow field was carried out in the present study using a two way fluid structure interaction (FSI), axisymmetric model of a passive LV incorporating an inflow cannula. Three different cannula placements were simulated, with device insertion near the LV apex, penetrating one-fourth and mid-way into the LV long axis. The risk of thrombus formation is assessed by analyzing the intraventricular vorticity distribution and its associated vortex intensity, amount of stagnation flow in the ventricle as well as the level of wall shear stress. Our results show that the one-fourth placement of the cannula into the LV achieves the best performance in reducing the risk of thrombus formation. Compared to cannula placement near the apex, higher vortex intensity is achieved at the one-fourth placement, thus increasing wash out of platelets at the ventricular wall. One-fourth LV penetration produced negligible stagnation flow region near the apical wall region, helping to reduce platelet deposition on the surface of the cannula and the ventricular wall.
    MeSH terms: Catheterization*; Humans; Risk Factors; Thrombosis/physiopathology*
  13. Tuan-Mahmood TM, McCrudden MT, Torrisi BM, McAlister E, Garland MJ, Singh TR, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2013 Dec 18;50(5):623-37.
    PMID: 23680534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.005
    The formidable barrier properties of the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, impose significant limitations for successful systemic delivery of broad range of therapeutic molecules particularly macromolecules and genetic material. Microneedle (MN) has been proposed as a strategy to breach the stratum corneum barrier function in order to facilitate effective transport of molecules across the skin. This strategy involves use of micron sized needles fabricated of different materials and geometries to create transient aqueous conduits across the skin. MN, alone or with other enhancing strategies, has been demonstrated to dramatically enhance the skin permeability of numerous therapeutic molecules including biopharmaceuticals either in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo experiments. This suggested the promising use of MN technology for various possible clinical applications such as insulin delivery, transcutaneous immunisations and cutaneous gene delivery. MN has been proved as minimally invasive and painless in human subjects. This review article focuses on recent and future developments for MN technology including the latest type of MN design, challenges and strategies in MNs development as well as potential safety aspects based on comprehensive literature review pertaining to MN studies to date.
    MeSH terms: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Pain/etiology; Perception; Skin/microbiology; Drug Delivery Systems*; Hydrogels
  14. Dokubo EK, Kim AA, Le LV, Nadol PJ, Prybylski D, Wolfe MI
    AIDS Rev, 2013 Apr-Jun;15(2):67-76.
    PMID: 23681434
    Rates of new HIV infections in Asia are poorly characterized, likely resulting in knowledge gaps about infection trends and the most important areas to target for interventions. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed English language publications and conference abstracts on HIV incidence in thirteen countries - Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. We obtained data on HIV incidence rate, incidence estimation method, population, and risk factors for incident infection. Our search yielded 338 unique incidence estimates from 70 published articles and 41 conference abstracts for eight countries. A total of 138 (41%) were obtained from prospective cohort studies and 106 (31%) were from antibody-based tests for recent infection. High HIV incidence rates were observed among commercial sex workers (0.4-27.8 per 100 person-years), people who inject drugs (0.0-43.6 per 100 person-years) and men who have sex with men (0.7-15.0 per 100 person-years). Risk factors for incident HIV infection include brothel-based sex work and cervicitis among commercial sex workers; young age, frequent injection use and sharing needles or syringes among people who inject drugs; multiple male sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men. In the countries with available data, incidence rates were highest in key populations and varied widely by incidence estimation method. Established surveillance systems that routinely monitor trends in HIV incidence are needed to inform prevention planning, prioritize resources, measure impact, and improve the HIV response in Asia.
    MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; HIV Infections/epidemiology*; Incidence
  15. Muhamad N, Walker L, Simcock D, Pedley K, Simpson H, Brown S
    Iran J Parasitol, 2013 Jan;8(1):137-44.
    PMID: 23682271
    Like several other parasites, Teladorsagia circumcincta secretes or excretes urea, but neither the rate of efflux nor the possible metabolic sources of the urea has been considered.
  16. Ab Latip R, Lee YY, Tang TK, Phuah ET, Lee CM, Tan CP, et al.
    PeerJ, 2013;1:e72.
    PMID: 23682348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.72
    Fractionation which separates the olein (liquid) and stearin (solid) fractions of oil is used to modify the physicochemical properties of fats in order to extend its applications. Studies showed that the properties of fractionated end products can be affected by fractionation processing conditions. In the present study, dry fractionation of palm-based diacylglycerol (PDAG) was performed at different: cooling rates (0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0°C/min), end-crystallisation temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50°C) and agitation speeds (30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 rpm) to determine the effect of these parameters on the properties and yield of the solid and liquid portions. To determine the physicochemical properties of olein and stearin fraction: Iodine value (IV), fatty acid composition (FAC), acylglycerol composition, slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), thermal behaviour tests were carried out. Fractionation of PDAG fat changes the chemical composition of liquid and solid fractions. In terms of FAC, the major fatty acid in olein and stearin fractions were oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) respectively. Acylglycerol composition showed that olein and stearin fractions is concentrated with TAG and DAG respectively. Crystallization temperature, cooling rate and agitation speed does not affect the IV, SFC, melting and cooling properties of the stearin fraction. The stearin fraction was only affected by cooling rate which changes its SMP. On the other hand, olein fraction was affected by crystallization temperature and cooling rate but not agitation speed which caused changes in IV, SMP, SFC, melting and crystallization behavior. Increase in both the crystallization temperature and cooling rate caused a reduction of IV, increment of the SFC, SMP, melting and crystallization behaviour of olein fraction and vice versa. The fractionated stearin part melted above 65°C while the olein melted at 40°C. SMP in olein fraction also reduced to a range of 26 to 44°C while SMP of stearin fractions increased to (60-62°C) compared to PDAG.
    MeSH terms: Behavior Rating Scale; Crystallization; Diglycerides; Fats; Freezing; Glycerides; Iodine; Temperature; Triglycerides
  17. Lee CK, Chang CC, Johar A, Puwira O, Roshidah B
    JAMA Dermatol, 2013 Mar;149(3):295-9.
    PMID: 23682364
    To determine the prevalence of fingerprint verification failure and to define and quantify the fingerprint changes associated with fingerprint verification failure.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dermatoglyphics*; Eczema/pathology*; Female; Hand Dermatoses/pathology*; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Automated*; Severity of Illness Index; Case-Control Studies; Young Adult
  18. Tee MH, Lee YY, Majid NA, Noori NM, Raj SM
    PMID: 23682433
    We studied asymptomatic primary schoolchildren in northeastern Malaysia with light to moderate trichuriasis to determine the effect of albendazole treatment on growth rates and TNF-alpha levels. Thirty-seven schoolchildren aged 6-7 years with stool samples positive for Trichuris trichiura and negative for other geohelminths and protozoa were randomized to receive albendazole 400 mg or a placebo daily for 2 days. Anthropometric parameters at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months were compared between the 2 groups. The placebo group had a significantly greater increase in height (p = 0.04) than the albendazole treatment group. There were no significant differences in urinary TNF-alpha levels (p = 0.8) between the 2 groups and no significant changes between baseline and 1 month post-treatment levels. Further studies are needed to determine the etiology of this apparent association between the albendazole treatment group and the delay in growth rate at 6 months post-treatment.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Anthelmintics/adverse effects; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use*; Child; Child Development/drug effects*; Feces/parasitology; Female; Growth/drug effects*; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Severity of Illness Index; Trichuriasis/drug therapy*; Trichuriasis/epidemiology; Trichuriasis/pathology; Trichuris/isolation & purification; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/urine; Albendazole/adverse effects; Albendazole/therapeutic use*
  19. Al-Dubai SA, Ganasegeran K, Mohanad Rahman A, Alshagga MA, Saif-Ali R
    PMID: 23682436
    Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Malaysia. This study aimed to assess factors affecting knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue fever among a selected population in Malaysia. A descriptive, community-based, cross sectional study was conducted with 300 participants from three different geographical settings in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas within the states of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire included questions on demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue fever. Mean age of respondents was 34.4 (+/- 5.7) years, and the age ranged from 18 to 65 years. The majority of respondents were married (54.7%), Malays (72.7%) and heard about dengue fever (89.7%). Television was the common source of information about dengue fever (97.0%). Participants answered 4 out of 15 items of knowledge incorrectly. There was no significant association between knowledge score and socio-demographic factors. About one-fifth of the respondents (24%) believed that immediate treatment is not necessary for dengue fever, and the majority of them were not afraid of the disease (96.0%). Attitudes toward dengue fever were significantly associated with the level of education and employment status (p < 0.05). Practice was associated significantly with age, marital status, and geographic area (p < 0.05) and knowledge on dengue fever (p = 0.030). There is a need to increase health promotion activities through campaigns and social mobilization to increase knowledge regarding dengue fever. This would help to mold positive attitudes and cultivate better preventive practices among the public to eliminate dengue in the country.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dengue/drug therapy; Dengue/epidemiology*; Dengue/prevention & control; Female; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data*; Socioeconomic Factors; Consumer Health Information/methods; Young Adult
  20. Rashid ZZ, Bahari N, Othman A, Jaafar R, Mohamed NA, Jabbari I, et al.
    PMID: 23682444
    Abstract. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a pathogen recognized to be distinct in both phenotype and genotype from hospital-acquired MRSA. We have identified CA-MRSA cases in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, including their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics. Cases were identified during January to December 2009 from routine clinical specimens, where culture and antibiotic susceptibility results yielded pauci-resistant MRSA isolates suspected as being CA-MRSA. The patients' clinical data were collected and their specimens were sent for molecular confirmation and analysis. Five cases of CA-MRSA were identified, which had a multi-sensitive pattern on antibiotic susceptibility tests and were resistant to only penicillin and oxacillin. All cases were skin and soft-tissue infections, including diabetic foot with gangrene, infected scalp hematoma, philtrum abscess in a healthcare worker, thrombophlebitis complicated with abscess and infected bedsore. All five cases were confirmed MRSA by detection of mecA. SCCmec typing (ccr and mec complex) revealed SCCmec type IV for all cases except the infected bedsore case. Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene was positive in all isolates. As clinical features among methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA and "nosocomial CA-MRSA" are indistinct, early recognition is necessary in order to initiate appropriate antibiotics and infection control measures. Continual surveillance of pauci-resistant MRSA and molecular analysis are necessary in order to identify emerging strains as well as their epidemiology and transmission, both in the community and in healthcare setting.
    MeSH terms: Bacteriological Techniques; Genotype; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Skin Diseases, Infectious/microbiology*; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology*; Soft Tissue Infections/microbiology*; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development*; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification; Tertiary Care Centers
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