Browse publications by year: 2015

  1. Sureisen M, Tan BB, Teo YY, Wong CC
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):58-60.
    PMID: 28611913 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.009
    Breakage of the tip of the micropituitary forceps during spine surgery is a rare occurrence. Retrieval of the broken tip could be a challenge in minimally invasive surgeries due to limitation of access and retrieval instruments. We describe our experience in handling such a situation during percutaneous radiofrequency discectomy. The removal was attempted, without converting into open surgery, by utilising percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy working cannula and guided by image intensifier. We were able to remove the fragment without any significant morbidity to the patient. This technique for removal has not been reported previously in the literature.
    MeSH terms: Endoscopy; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Surgical Instruments; Diskectomy; Diskectomy, Percutaneous; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Cannula
  2. Choong C, Shalimar A, Jamari S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):52-54.
    PMID: 28611911 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.017
    Brachial plexus injuries with intact yet flail limb presents with problems of persistent neuropathic pain and recurrent shoulder dislocations, that render the flail limb a damn nuisance. As treating surgeons, we are faced with the dilemma of offering treatment options, bearing in mind the patient's functional status and expectations. We present a case of a 55-year old housewife with complete brachial plexus injury begging for surgical amputation of her flail limb, 6 years post-injury. Here we discuss the outcome of transhumeral amputation and the possibility of offering early rather than delayed amputations in this group of patients.
    MeSH terms: Amputation; Brachial Plexus; Extremities; Female; Humans; Neuralgia; Shoulder Dislocation; Surgeons
  3. Choong C, Chan HZ, Faruk NA, Bea KC, Zulkiflee O
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):49-51.
    PMID: 28611910 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.007
    Following a week after a jellyfish sting, a young man presented with regional cyanosis and threat of distal gangrene secondary to vascular spasm in the forearm. The patient also suffered from transient paresis and numbness of the affected upper limb. Contrasted imaging revealed unopacified vessels in the distal forearm and worsening swelling warranted emergency surgical fasciotomy for impending compartment syndrome. This case highlights the occurrence of jellyfish envenomation and the need for early treatment.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cnidaria; Compartment Syndromes; Cyanosis; Forearm; Gangrene; Humans; Hypesthesia; Male; Paresis; Spasm; Upper Extremity; Scyphozoa; Fasciotomy
  4. Anuar R, Mohd-Hisyamudin HP, Ahmad MH, Zulkiflee O
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):40-43.
    PMID: 28611908 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.006
    Delayed presentation of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) comes with challenges in treatment as well as high surgical cost. Therefore the objective of this study is to quantify the economic impact of management of late presentation of DDH during a last 3-year period. We conducted a retrospective study with analysis of DDH cases managed between years 2012 to 2014. Early and late presentations of DDH were identified and cost management for both was estimated. Out of twenty-four DDH cases, thirteen cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All were female with majority of them presenting with unilateral DDH predominantly of the left hip. Most patients presented after age of six months and the principal complaint was abnormal or limping gait. The grand total cost for managing DDH during the three years period was USD 12,385.51, with 86% of the amount having been used to manage late presentation of DDH that was mostly contributed by the cost of surgery. We concluded that delayed presentation of DDH contributes heavily to high national expenditure. Early detection of DDH cases with systematic neonatal screening may help to minimize the incidence of the late presenting DDH and subsequently reduce the economic burden to the government.
    MeSH terms: Health Expenditures; Female; Gait; Government; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; Incidence; Neonatal Screening; Cost of Illness; Early Diagnosis
  5. Luvan M, Kanthan SR, Roshan G, Saw A
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):35-39.
    PMID: 28611907 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.005
    Corticotomy is an essential procedure for deformity correction and there are many techniques described. However there is no proper classification of the fracture pattern resulting from corticotomies to enable any studies to be conducted. We performed a retrospective study of corticotomy fracture patterns in 44 patients (34 tibias and 10 femurs) performed for various indications. We identified four distinct fracture patterns, Type I through IV classification based on the fracture propagation following percutaneous corticotomy. Type I transverse fracture, Type II transverse fracture with a winglet, Type III presence of butterfly fragment and Type IV fracture propagation to a fixation point. No significant correlation was noted between the fracture pattern and the underlying pathology or region of corticotomy.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Butterflies; Femur; Humans; Reproduction; Retrospective Studies; Tibia; Fractures, Bone
  6. Nawfar SA, Chan KL, Idham HM, Izani IM, Nahulan T
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):8-16.
    PMID: 28611903 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.001
    INTRODUCTION: Calcaneal fractures are caused by high energy trauma and mostly are intra-articular fractures. Nondisplaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture (IACF) can be treated non-operatively. However, displaced intra-articular need to be reduced and fixed anatomically to facilitate early ankle rehabilitation and minimize functional impairment. This study was done to find out the outcome of the IACF patients who underwent operative treatment.

    METHODS: 62 patients with IACF were selected in this study and had been followed up from June 2009 to May 2013. They were placed into two groups; the operative treated and non-operative treated groups. Bilateral ankle lateral view plain radiographs were taken for comparison of the Bohler and Gissane angles. Both groups of patients were assessed by the Maryland Foot Score (MFS) and the SF-36v2 general health survey questionnaire. The ability of the patients to perform activity of daily living (ADL) and /or return to work (RTW) was assessed as well.

    RESULTS: The operative treatment group of displaced IACF patients achieved no significant better scores in the mean MFS and SF-36v2 mean scores as compared to non operated cases. There was no difference in RTW between the 2 groups, but earlier ADL was recorded in the operated group. However, this study had found 5 associated factors which causes major effect to the patients' outcome to treatment.

    CONCLUSIONS: The patient's compliance with post-operative rehabilitation regimen were found to be significantly related with the outcomes.
    MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living; Ankle; Calcaneus; Factor V; Health Surveys; Humans; Maryland; Surveys and Questionnaires; Ankle Injuries; Foot Injuries; Fractures, Bone; Intra-Articular Fractures; Return to Work
  7. Khoo SS, Loi KW, Tan KT, Suhaeb AR, Simmrat S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):57-59.
    PMID: 28435613 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.003
    Septic arthritis is a surgical emergency. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment reduce the destruction of articular cartilage and give better outcome. We describe a simple, minimally invasive closed tube irrigation system for the initial treatment of septic arthritis of the knee in a patient with complex medical problems who was unfit to undergo surgery.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Cartilage, Articular; Hospitals; Hospitals, University; Humans; Knee Joint; Malaysia; Male; Medicine
  8. Maria SW, Sapuan J, Abdullah S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):54-56.
    PMID: 28435612 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.002
    Scapulo-thoracic dissociation is an infrequent injury resulting from high energy trauma which is often associated with severe neurological and vascular injuries which may be unrecognised at the time of presentation. A 24 year-old female presented with bilateral rib fractures, pneumothorax, liver and kidney injuries following a road traffic accident. She also sustained fractures of her right scapula, odontoid, right transverse processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and a closed fracture of her right femur. Her right upper limb was later noted to be flail and pulseless, due to complete right brachial plexus injury, scapula-thoracic dissociation and subclavian artery avulsion. We managed the upper limb injuries non-operatively, and focused on resuscitation of the patient. Early exploration of the complete brachial plexus injury was not undertaken in spite of the possible associated poor functional outcome as there was no life-threatening indication.
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Brachial Plexus; Female; Fractures, Closed; Humans; Liver; Lumbar Vertebrae; Odontoid Process; Pneumothorax; Resuscitation; Rib Fractures; Scapula; Subclavian Artery; Young Adult; Vascular System Injuries
  9. Ng CK, Azuhairy A, Tan LH, Nordin A
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):51-53.
    PMID: 28435611 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.001
    Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary tumour of the bone, after myeloma and osteosarcoma. Most of the chondrosarcoma grow slowly and rarely metastasize, and they have an excellent prognosis after adequate surgery. However most of them are chemo or radio-resistant. We report a case of primary chondrosarcoma of proximal humerus in a 36-year-old female who presented with a six years history of left shoulder swelling and restricted range of motion. Trucut biopsy showed a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent forequarter amputation of left upper limb and was started on chemotherapy following operation.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Amputation; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Humans; Humerus; Multiple Myeloma; Prognosis; Osteosarcoma; Shoulder; Range of Motion, Articular
  10. Shalimar A, Nor-Hazla MH, Arifaizad A, Jamari S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):41-46.
    PMID: 28435609 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.011
    Splinting of the wrist after carpal tunnel release (CTR) has been practised by many surgeons especially in North America. The main reason was to prevent possible adverse events of bowstringing of flexor tendons and the median nerve, pillar pain, entrapment of the median nerve in scar tissue and wound dehiscence. Studies on the effect of splinting after standard CTR have had dismal results. The duration of splinting in standard CTR has been either too long (for 2-4 weeks) or too short (48 hours only). The aim of our study was to compare the effects of post-operative splinting for a duration of one week with no splinting.

    METHODS: All 30 of our patients underwent a standardized limited open CTR by a designated surgeon. Post operatively, they were randomized into a splinted (n=16) and a nonsplinted (n=14) group. The splint was kept for a week. Patients were reviewed at regular intervals of one week, two months and six months. At each follow up, these patients were clinically assessed for the following outcome measures: VAS (visual analogue score), 2PD (two-point discrimination), pinch grip, grip, Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)) power and completion of the Boston questionnaire.

    RESULTS: All patients presented with significant improvement in the postoperative evaluation in the analyzed parameters within each group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the outcome measurements at sequential and at final follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: We conclude that wrist splinting in the immediate post-operative period has no advantage when compared with the unsplinted wrist after a limited open carpal tunnel release.

    MeSH terms: Boston; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Cicatrix; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Median Nerve; North America; Pain; Postoperative Period; Surveys and Questionnaires; Splints; Tendons; Wrist; Wrist Joint; Hand Strength; Surgeons
  11. Hisam MA, Siti NS, Jou NP, Ghaneshinee S, Shaharuddin AR, Azmi B, et al.
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):37-40.
    PMID: 28435608 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.010
    OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, scoliosis surgery is aimed at attaining a fused, balanced and painless spine. With improvement in surgical and instrumentation techniques, spine surgeons strive to achieve higher degree of Cobb's angle and rib hump correction with the idea of greater patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the patients' satisfaction using SRS-22 questionnaire and their correlations with the radiographic changes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral cen re using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire during the patients' annual follow up, betwee February to April 2014. Thirtyseven patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.

    RESULTS: The mean pre-operative Cobb's angles were 57.8o ± 12.7o and mean post-operative angle of 20.0o ± 10.4o, resulting in average correction of 65.9 ± 14.4%. Mean preoperative rib hump was 61.1 ± 15.4 mm with mean postoperative rib hump of 15.8 ± 17.8 mm, resulting in average reduction of 77.7 ± 23.7%. Mean of post-operative total SRS score was 4.1 ± 0.5. Using Spearman rank correlation, the percentage of Cobb's angle correction versus the SRS-22 score showed correlation of 0.17 (P=0.33) while the percentage of rib hump reduction versus SRS-22 score showed a correlation of 0.11 (P=0.53).

    CONCLUSION: In this study, the average total SRS-22 score was 4.1 ± 0.5 (range, 3.1-4.9) post-operatively indicating very high satisfaction rate overall. Despite attempts at greater curve correction and rib hump reduction, there is no direct correlation between patient satisfaction and radiographic parameters.

    MeSH terms: Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Referral and Consultation; Ribs; Scoliosis; Spine; Patient Satisfaction; Surgeons
  12. Lee W, Kyaw MO
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):26-32.
    PMID: 28435606 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.008
    The optimal treatment for thoracolumbar fractures (TLF) without neurological deficit remains controversial. Majority of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated open operative approaches but have yet to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle fixation (MIPPF) versus non-operative treatment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to compare clinical and radiological outcomes between MIPPF and conservative groups for TLF AO Type A1 to Type B2 during a 2-year follow-up period. Pre-operative plain and CT films were evaluated and decision made for short segment (non-fusion) MIPPF. Patients who refused operation were treated conservatively with three months of body cast, brace, or corset. MIPPF group showed earlier Visual Analog Score(VAS) improvement at six months post-injury (0 vs 6.0- p<0.001), as well as better functional and radiological outcomes (p<0.050) at final follow-up. Progressions of regional kyphosis (RK) were noted in both groups but there was no significant difference within and between them(p>0.050). MIPPF as a method of internal bracing can be pursued in the treatment of TLF, with larger future cohorts and RCTs being called for to support and explore new findings.
    MeSH terms: Braces; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kyphosis; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Fractures, Bone
  13. Santy JE, Kamal J, Abdul-Rashid AH, Ibrahim S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):13-16.
    PMID: 28435603 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.006
    Percutaneous pinning after closed reduction is commonly used to treat supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Minor pin tract infections frequently occur. The aim of this study was to prevent pin tract infections using a rubber stopper to reduce irritation of the skin against the Kirschner (K) wire following percutaneous pinning. Between July 2011 and June 2012, seventeen children with closed supracondylar fracture of the humerus of Gartland types 2 and 3 were treated with this technique. All patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning and followed up prospectively. Only one patient, who was a hyperactive child, developed pin tract infection due to softening of the plaster slab. We found using the rubber stopper to be a simple and inexpensive method to reduce pin tract infections following percutaneous pinning.
    MeSH terms: Bone Wires; Child; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Fractures, Closed; Humans; Humerus; Rubber
  14. Mohd-Karim MI, Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Syurahbil AH
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):9-12.
    PMID: 28435602 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.005
    BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to find out the age when tibiofemoral angle starts to be in valgus and reaches maximum angle. The differences of the angles between genders were also studied.

    METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study on tibiofemoral angle was conducted among 160 normal healthy children using clinical measurement method. The children between 2 18 months to 6 years old were assigned to 5 specific age groups of 32 children with equal sex distribution.

    RESULT: This study had shown a good inter-observer reliability of tibiofemoral angle measurement with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 with narrow margin of 95% confident interval (95% CI: 0.73, 0.94). The mean tibiofemoral angle for children at 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 years old were 2.25° (SD=0.53), 8.73° (SD=0.95), 7.53° (SD=1.40), 7.27° (SD=1.14) and 6.72° (SD=0.98) respectively. The age when they achieved maximum valgus tibiofemoral angle was 3 years old. The maximum mean (SD) tibiofemoral angle for boys, girls and all children were 8.91° (SD=1.17), 8.56° (SD=0.62) and 8.73° (SD=0.95)respectively. The mean tibiofemoral angle showed no statistically significant difference between girls and boys except for the 5-year-old group, in which the mean TF angle for girls was 7.560 (SD=0.95) and for the boys was 6.970 (SD=1.26) with p-value of 0.037.

    CONCLUSION: Measurement of tibiofemoral angle using the clinical method had a very good inter-observer reliability. The tibiofemoral angle in Malay population was valgus since the age of 2 years with maximum angle of 8.730 (SD=0.95) achieved at the age of 3 years.

    MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaysia; Male; Men; Reproducibility of Results; Confidence Intervals; Sex Distribution
  15. Dhillon KS
    Malays Orthop J, 2015;9(1):47-59.
    MyJurnal
    Conflicts of interest in medicine has created deep concerns about the integrity of medicine and raised doubts about the trustworthiness of the medical professional. New stories of conflict of interest in medicine have become a commonplace. The interactions between the medical professional and the biomedical device as well as the pharmaceutical industry has become so pervasive that the primary interest of the medical professional in protecting and promoting the welfare of the patient has been compromised. The professional judgement and actions have been influenced by secondary interests, the major fungible and quantifiable being financial interest. The industry influence not only affects the way we practice orthopaedics but also affects medical education and peer review publications. Peer review publications have been shown to exaggerate benefits of the industry products while at the same time downplaying the risks. These conflicts of interest in orthopaedic surgery are particularly common in spinal and joint replacement surgery where joint replacement has been described as a ‘fashion trade’. The introduction of new products appears to be an uncontrolled experiment which has been hijacked by large corporations. This article explores the unhealthy pervasive interaction between the orthopaedic surgeon and the medical devices as well as the pharmaceutical industry. It highlights how the biomedical and the pharmaceutical industry dominate all aspects of the healthcare system. With its wealth and political clout, its influence is present everywhere, from the use of devices and drugs, research, publications, trials, education and even formulation of CGPs.
    MeSH terms: Drug Industry; Education, Medical; Humans; Orthopedics; Conflict of Interest; Peer Review, Research; Surgeons
  16. Chung WH, Eo CK, Muspirah Z, Sood A
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):41-43.
    PMID: 28435597 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.009
    Amputation of the thumb invariably causes marked functional impairment of the hand especially, pinch and grasp functions. In rural areas where highly skilled microvascular surgeries are not available, distraction osteogenesis provides an easy and safe alternative of thumb reconstruction. We report a case of crush injury of the right hand in a 37 year old gentleman in which the right thumb was amputated at the level of the proximal phalanx. Metacarpal lengthening of the thumb was performed by using distraction osteogenesis.
    MeSH terms: Amputation; Hand; Thumb; Hand Strength; Osteogenesis, Distraction; Metacarpal Bones; Crush Injuries
  17. Mohd-Ariff MA, Ali-Noor I, Paul AG, Abdullah S
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):38-40.
    PMID: 28435596 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.011
    We report a 21-year old female patient who presented with an 18-month history of a swelling in the distal phalanx of her right little finger. Although the history, clinical features and MRI were suggestive of a benign tumour or a tuberculous lesion, the histo-pathological examination of the swelling was reported as a conventional osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma of the hand is very rare. This article highlights the possibility of a seemingly benign lesion seen in a routine clinic could well turn out to be malignant, and the need to maintain a high index of suspicion.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fingers; Hand; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Osteosarcoma; Finger Phalanges; Young Adult
  18. Manmohan S, Nor Azlin ZA, Fazir M, Dzulkarnain A, Goh JH
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):32-34.
    PMID: 28435594 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.004
    Instances of neurological recovery after early decompression of the spine in non-traumatic spinal cord compression are well documented. We present a patient with paraplegia of 11 months' duration due to atypical spinal tuberculosis who showed complete neurological recovery in three months.
    MeSH terms: Decompression; Humans; Paraplegia; Spinal Cord Compression; Spine; Tuberculosis, Spinal; Decompression, Surgical
  19. Gunaseelan P, Jeremy P, Chua CK, Rashdeen F
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):28-29.
    PMID: 28435592 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.002
    There are few reported cases of flexor tendon sheath ganglion arising from the A2 pulley. We report a case of a flexor tendon sheath ganglion in a 17-year old female who presented with pain, triggering and a swelling at the base of her right ring finger. During the excision biopsy, a ganglion measuring 0.5×0.8×0.4 cm in size was removed from the A2 pulley area.
    MeSH terms: Biopsy; Edema; Female; Fingers; Ganglia; Pain; Tendons; Ganglion Cysts
  20. Kamudin N, Firdouse M, Han CS, M Yusof A
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Mar;9(1):23-27.
    PMID: 28435591 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1503.001
    BACKGROUND: Monteggia fracture-dislocation is rare in children. Various reports attest to its rarity, while recording the many variant of this injury. It is, therefore, easy to miss the diagnosis in the absence of proper clinical examination and radiographs.

    CASE REPORT: This report highlights two rare variants of Monteggia fracture-dislocation seen in children. The first case was a 12-year old girl alleged to have fallen from a 15- feet tall tree and sustaining a combined type III Monteggia injury with ipsilateral Type II Salter-Harris injury of distal end radius with a metaphyseal fracture of the distal third of the ulna. The second case was a 13-year old who had sustained a closed fracture of atypical Type I Monteggia hybrid lesion, in a road traffic accident.

    CONCLUSION: This report highlights the rare variants of Monteggia fracture dislocation which could have been missed without proper clinical examinations and radiographs.

    MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic; Carpal Bones; Child; Female; Fractures, Closed; Humans; Monteggia's Fracture; Radiography; Radius; Trees; Ulna
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